摘要
美国新英格兰地区超验主义思想的领袖人物拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生（1803-1882）与中国道家思想鼻祖老子有着相似的世界观、人生观。二者都认为世间万物皆有一个源泉和归属，爱默生称其为“超灵”，老子强字之“道”。二者都注重人的直觉，反对汲汲于物质财富的行为。
二者不同点在于，英语论文网站，超验主义思想倡导精神独立，视离群索居的生活为升华身心、陶冶性灵的手段，其仍然倡导积极入世的生活态度；而道家思想把远离尘嚣、反观内省、天人合一的修行生活视为目的本身，把自己摆在一个超然物外的位置。在当今中国物欲横流、人与人之间相互倾轧的社会，超验主义和道家思想倡导的人格独立、精神内守显得尤为重要。
此外，英语论文范文，爱默生的超验主义与老子的道家思想有助于为人类正面临的生态危机及科学技术进步产生的负面影响上提供新的解决之道。
关键词：超验主义 道家思想 现代社会
Abstract
The initiator and leader of American transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), has an amazingly resembled and paralleled outlook on life and the universe with that of Lao Tzu, a sage of ancient China, arguably founder of Taoism. Both “Tao” and Emerson’s “Over-Soul” claim a unity in variety. Both Taoism and transcendentalism value intuition, and have a contemptuous attitude towards a frantic pursuit of material success which causes spiritual corruption.
One of the major differences between these two lies in their attitudes towards the civil duties and social responsibilities. Emerson thinks one can leave society for a better knowledge of oneself, for an independent contemplation of man and nature. However, serious Taoists normally disregard what society requires of them and treat an independent and solitary life necessary to achieve the highest Taoist ideal-the reunion between man and nature.
In the context of modern society, the two schools of thought warn against the abuse of technical power and offer a way to heal the wounds of human body and mind via drinking the spring of nature.
Keywords: Taoism, Transcendentalism, Modern Society
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