Abstract:
Translation, as a tool for the communication of cultures, transfers the information of the source language into the target language. Translation of metaphor has become a hot topic receiving more and more attention. As a linguistic phenomenon, metaphors have deep cultural meanings. They can not only reflect a nation’s natural environment and history, but also carry the nation’s religious beliefs, ways of thinking, cultural values and other information. We have to accurately and effectively translate the metaphors to convey the messages faithfully. This paper introduces the English metaphors in details. In the beginning, different definitions of English metaphors are quoted from authorities. Then the construction of English metaphor and three basic components, the tenor, the vehicle and the ground, are introduced. Taking English poems as example, this paper discusses the structures and classifications of metaphorical images in English poems, and the obstacles which may exist in the translation of metaphors, and further studies the origin of the obstacles----- culture clashes, arising from the living environments and histories, traditions and customs, classical tales and literary works, religions and so on. At last, on the basis of Peter Newmark’s theory of semantic translation and communicative translation, three basic methods of metaphor translation are discussed.
Key words: metaphors; English poems; communicative translation; semantic translation
摘要：
翻译是文化交流的一种工具，把原语中的认知文化传递到目的语的文化中去，而隐喻的翻译已经开始成为探讨翻译方向里的热门话题。隐喻，作为一种语言现象，有着深厚的文化内涵，它不仅能够体现一个民族的自然环境、历史渊源，而且也承载着该民族的宗教信仰、思维方式、价值观念等文化信息。因此，隐喻的翻译就要准确而有效的传达这一信息，忠实完整的再现原语的文化内涵和意义。本文详细介绍英语隐喻，首先在概念上引用权威的定义和诠释，英语论文，接着从结构特征上下手略论英语隐喻的基本构成成分，英语论文题目，即：本体、喻体、喻底。文中以英文诗歌为例，略论了英语诗歌中隐喻意象的结构与分类，阐述了在隐喻翻译过程中会遇上的“拦路虎”，并深入到产生翻译障碍的根本原因——文化异同，包括地理、历史、传统习俗、宗教信仰、经典传说和文学著作等因素。最后根据彼特纽马克的语义型翻译和交际型翻译理论阐述了隐喻翻译的三种基本措施。
关键词：隐喻；英文诗歌；交际型翻译；语义型翻译
1 Introduction
Life is a hospital, in which every patient is possessed by the desire to change his bed. This one would prefer to suffer in front of the stove and that one believes he would get well if he were placed by the window. (Baudelair, Anywhere out of the World)
In this example, there is a common figure of speech--- metaphor. The author regards “life” as “hospital” and “people in society” as “the patients in this hospital”. Using this metaphor, the abstract concept “life” becomes concrete, and the attitudes of people towards life sound very vivid. With this metaphor, the author reflects a social problem that modern man is a sick mind in a sick body.
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