基于语用视角剖析英语口语中的标记语
通过探讨英语口语中的话语标记语的语用功能能够为在日常的交际中如何使用话语标记语提供帮助,引导听者和说话人在不同的环境下为不同的需求成功地进行交流,同时帮助他们更多了解在语言交际中如何适当和有效利用话语标记语以达到预期的目标。
Chapter1 Introduction
1.1 Definitions and Different Terms of Discourse Markers
1.1.1 Definitions of Discourse Markers
“In linguistics,a discourse marker is a word or phrase that is relatively syntax-independent and does not change the meaning of the sentence,and has a somewhat empty meaning.”(Wikipedia,the on-line free encyclopedia) Michael Swan defines,in Practical English Usage(1982),a“discourse marker” is“a word or expression which shows the connection between what is being said and the wider context.
Examples of some of the common discourse markers in spoken English are words like anyway,oh,well,now,then,good,great,like,okay,right,and so,and phrasal and clausal items such as you know,I mean,as I say,for a start,mind you,on the other hand,frankly,and as a matter of fact.
Therefore,a discourse marker is something that,when taking it away from the host discourse segment it is attached to,does not affect the sentence’s grammatically but does affect the pragmatic appropriateness on the social level.Since the corresponding functions can be literally disclosed by use of discourse markers,which presuppose a textual sequence and signal a relationship between those parts.discourse markers are the representations of certain pragmatic relations binding the discourse logically in communications.Meanwhile,discourse markers also have special functions which make the textual propositions or writer's intentions clear.
1.1.2 Different Terms of Discourse Markers
The term DMs have different meanings for different researchers of different groups. Therefore,a variety of names have been used ever since by those in the field of the study and research of DMs,instances of which are“sentence connectives” (Halliday&Hasan,1976),“semantic conjuncts”(Quirk,1985).
References
Aijmer,K.(2017).English discourse particles:Evidence from a corpus.
Aijmer,K.,&Simon-Vandenbergen,S.(2017).A model and a methodology for the study of pragmatic markers:The semantic field of expectation.Journal of Pragmatics,36(10),1781-1805.
Aijmer,K.,&Altenberg,B.(1991).English corpus linguistics.Studies in honour of Jan Svartvik.
England:Longman group.
Blakemore,D.(1987).Semantic Constraints on Relevance.Oxford:Blackwell,
Blakemore,D.(1992).Understanding Utterances.Oxford:Blackwell.
Blakemore,D.(1996).Are apposition markers discourse marker?Journal of pragmatics,Vol.32:325~347.
Carston.(2017)Thoughts and Utterances:The Pragmatics of Explicit Communication [M].Blackwell,Oxford,
Carter,R.&McCarthy,(2017)M.Cambridge Grammar of English:A Comprehensive Guide:Spoken and Written English/Grammar and Usage[M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
Blakemore,D.(2017).Indicators and procedures:nevertheless and but.Journal of Linguistics,2017.Vol.36:463~486.
摘要 4-5
Abstract 5-6
Chapter 1 Introduction 9-13
1.1 Definitions and Different Terms of Discourse Markers 9-10
1.1.1 Definitions of Discourse Markers 9
1.1.2 Different Terms of Discourse Markers 9-10
1.2 Significance of the Study of Discourse Markers 10-11
1.3 Structure of the Thesis 11-13
Chapter 2 Literature Review 13-35
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