先看一道有关定语从句的高考试题: We’re just trying to reach a point __________ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2017山东卷) A. where B. that C. when D. which 我们正试图达到双方会坐下来商谈的地步。 略论:该定语从句的先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词point,此时的含义是“(事情)程度,英语论文题目,限度,地步,点”等意思,英语论文,而不是我们习惯指的“标点,小数点”的意思。类似这类表示地点的名词还有case,situation,family等(见下文句式9) 一般地说,先行词多是指人或事物的名词或代词,根据先行词的不同并结合定语从句所缺的成分,就可以确定联系词的使用。但是,在定语从句实际应用中,先行词会有不同的变化,产生一些特例。因此在确定联系词时,就不能按一般的常规去选定联系词,只能按先行词在该句中特定含义或特定用法来选取联系词。下面,就定语从句所含有的常见的特定先行词及其联系词的句式总结如下,以便从另一个角度理解和掌握定语从句。 1. [句式]: …人/物/that… [说明]:当先行词既有人也有物时,联系代词只能使用that。 例:The old man and his dog that you saw along the river are close friends. 你在河边看到的那位老人和他的狗是亲密的朋友。 2. [句式]: …the way/ that/in which/ 不用任何联系词 … [说明]:当先行词是the way时,引导定语从句的联系词可以是that、in which或不用任何联系词。 例:I don’t like the way that/ in which/ x he spoke to his mother. 我不喜欢他跟他的母亲讲话的方式。 3. [句式]:… those / who… [说明]:当先行词是those(那些人)时,使用联系代词who。 例:Those who want to go to the West Lake sign up here. 想去西湖游玩的人在此签字。 4. [句式]: … much /none / all / one / few / little / some / any / no / something / anything / nothing / everying / that… [说明]:先行词为以上不定代词或复合不定代词时(指物)时,联系代词只用that。 例:He did all that he could to help the poor. 他尽其所能来帮助穷人。 5. [句式]:…序数词 / 物 / that… [说明]:当先行词是物且被序数词修饰时,联系代词只能用that 而不是which。 例:The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben. 他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 6. [句式]:…形容词最高级 / 物 / that… [说明]:当先行词是物且被形容词最高级修饰时,联系代词只能使用that 不用which。 例:The Tv tower is the tallest building that has been built in this city. 那座电视塔是本城里的最高建筑物。 7. [句式]:…the only / the very / the right / just the / 物 / that… [说明]:当先行词是物且被以上词限制时,联系代词只能使用that而不能使用which。 例:This is the very house that I am after all these days. 这就是我近来要找的房子。 8. [句式]:Is this school/the one /联系词…? Is this the school / 联系词…? [说明]:以上两句句式相近但先行词不同,做题时要细加辩别。 例:Is this school _______ you visited last month? A. where B. in which C. which D. the one 本题容易把school当成先行词,其实 this school 是本句的主语,is 后的表语也就是该句的先行词缺少了,所以要选D项补充一个先行词。若把此句变成陈述句就显而易见了: This school is the one(that)you visited last month. 9. [句式]:…case / situation / point / family / book 等 / where… [说明]:当先行词是以上名词并有处所的意义时,引导定语从句的联系词用where,在从句中作地点状语。 例:Let’s think of a proper situation where this idea can be used. 让我们来想出一个恰当的情景使该观点可以运用其中。 10. [句式]:Who is the man /that…? Which is the book / that….? [说明]:以上两句中无论哪个词作先行词,联系代词都只能使用that而不使用who 或which,主要是为了避免重复。 例:Who is the man that is talking to our teacher ? 跟我们老师谈话的那个人是谁? Which is the book that you has borrowed from the library ? 哪一本书是你从图书馆借来的? Who that is a true friend will look down upon the others? 真正的朋友谁会看不起对方呢? 11.[句式]:句子,/ which… &n |