摘要
随着中国经济的迅速发展和综合国力的不断增强，在全球化的今天中国发挥着越来越重要的影响。科学地扮演好在国际事务中的角色，英语毕业论文，处理好与各国之间的联系，尤其是与美国这个超级大国之间的联系，英语论文范文，已变得日益重要。本文通过采用跨文化交际理论和大量的鲜活事例，探讨和研讨在中美高层外事活动这一特殊语境中，如何基于礼貌准则，充分利用跨文化交际中的言语幽默效果，维护祖国的利益以及自己和他人的面子。
礼貌准则是语用学中的一个重要理论，其核心是面子理论，中西学者对其进行了大量的探讨：Leech提出了具有重大作用的礼貌准则，Scollon的面子论以及Ting-Toomey的面子协商论，都为礼貌准则的探讨和发展起到了重要意义；中国学者顾曰国提出了具有中国文化特色的礼貌准则，徐盛桓考虑到了第三方的问题；在探讨总结这些理论基础上，笔者从文化语境的角度重新总结完善了礼貌准则，并指出礼貌语言的使用和参与者的地位、联系，交际场合等语境因素密切相关，从而决定如何使用礼貌语言。
幽默是一种常见且具有鲜明文化特征的艺术形式，它通过诙谐或是讽刺的语言形式反映人类文明智慧,使人们在感到愉悦的同时深受启迪。幽默作为语言的精华组成部分,对其进行探讨在当今已成为一门独立的学科。鉴于语言和文化之间的密切关系,幽默是文化的特殊载体。因此,隐藏于汉英幽默中的,正是不易为人所了解的文化特性与独特内涵。那么，如何更好的理解中美幽默，关于更好的实现跨文化交际，尤其关于外交事务，具有尤为重要的影响。然而我国对幽默探讨还缺乏系统性，更多的是关注幽默现象，主要集中在对文学著作，影视著作中幽默现象和语言的解释和略论，也有人从社会语用方面研讨了它在商务交际中的功能(刘乃实，熊学亮)。但幽默的交际功能的进一步探讨应结合交际者的地位、交际场所等语境因素展开。
因此本文从跨文化语用学这一角度出发,首先在第一章阐述了本文的探讨背景与现实意义， 第二章系统的回顾了中西对礼貌准则的探讨近况，并结合文化异同以及语境因素总结提出了自己对礼貌面子理论的看法，第三章首先研讨了中西方学者关于幽默的探讨，并比较汉英幽默的相同和不同之处,研讨总结导致汉英幽默异同产生的深层次原因；第四章通过中美两国高层外事交往活动的具体实例，论证幽默是如何在外事活动中得以应用并起到了减少交际压力,巧妙批评,反驳对手等的实际影响。第五章是全文的总结，并希望帮助人们更好地欣赏源于异国文化的幽默, 进而为跨文化的幽默应用提供实践指导。
关键词 礼貌理论 语境因素 外事活动 幽默功能
Abstract
With the rapid development of Chinese economy as well as its total national strength, China plays a more and more important role in the world stage in the day of highly economic globalization. In order to plays a proper role in international affairs scientifically, it becomes more and more important for Chinese government to deal with the relationship between the nations, especially the relationship between the economic superpower United States better. This thesis will researches and explores the effects of verbal humor in cross culture communicaions, how to use it for protecting motherland’s interests as well as save self&other’s face based on politeness principle in the special context of Sino-US key figures’ foreign affairs situations by adopting cross-cultural communication theories and a large number of fresh examples.
Politeness theory is one of the most important theories in the studies of intercultural communication and pragmatics, and face theory is the key element in politeness. Scholars of abroad and home have done plenty researches on it. Brown and Levinson proposed politeness theory, Leech put forward a significant and influential politeness principle, Ron Scollon and Suzanne Wong Scollon’s paradox of face theory, and Ting-Toomey’s Face-negotiation Theory are all meaningful for the deeper development of politeness principle.In addition, Chinese professor Gu Yueguo had studied about mianzi theory, he proposed a politeness principle with Chinese characteristics from the tranditional Chinese culture perspective. Xu Shenghuan supplemented this theory by considering the third party. After studying and analysing these theories, this thesis summarizes politeness theory from cultural context perspective and points out that the use of politeness language is closely related with context factors, including the status and relations of the participants and social occasions.
Humor is a common artistic style with distinct cultural characteristic. It reflects human civilization and wisdom through jocular or ironic linguistic form, which makes people feel delighted and enlightened. Humor is an essence component of language, researches about it has become a independent subject. In consideration of the close connection between language and culture, humor is a special carrier of culture. For this reason, the ingredient which remain under the cover of Chinese and
|
