Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
As is well known, emotion plays a very important role in one’s daily life and work, which greatly influences the workers’ performance in their work place and reflects their inner heart. Studies on emotion have been done for decades in many kinds of fields, such as psychology, physiology, etc, and in some work situations, especially those belonging to the service industry. As a result of the strong influence of service men’s emotion on their working performance, the concept “emotional labor”( later used as “emotion work” ) was firstly put forward by American sociologist Arlie Hochschild as early as in 1983 and hasever since been applied into various fields, fields belonging to the service sectorin particular.Hochschild remains to be a key researcher in the fields of Sociology andpsychology and many multidisciplinary fields. She proposed that dealing withemotions is a vital and demanding part of working with people. This is described as “emotional labor”, where workers strive to “create and maintain arelationship, a mood or a feeling” ( Hochschild 1983, p.440).It is argued that emotional labor, or the later so-called “emotionwork”—the expression of emotions performed by workers in the workingcondition that are not necessarily genuine, or may even be contrary to the trueemotions of the employees—is a form of human exploitation which can causefeelings of alienation and ill health (Hochschild, 1983). The concept of emotionwork or emotional labor (Hochschild, 1983) regards emotion as a coredimension of work and a new factor of production demanding emotionregulation and expression. It is generally accepted that there are 3 emotion workstrategies, namely: surface acting strategy, active deep acting strategy andpassive deep acting strategy, which will be discussed in detail in the followingchapter.
如众所周知，情感在人们的日常生活和工作，这极大地作用工人在其工作场所的表现，英语毕业论文，反映了他们内心的心脏中起着非常重要的影响。情感探讨已经几十年来在多种领域，英语论文网站，如心理学，生理学等，在某些工作情况下，特别是那些属于服务行业。的概念“情绪劳动”（“情绪工作”后使用）作为结果的强大的作用力服务男人的情感在他们的工作表现，首先把向前由美国社会学家阿莉的Hochschild早在1983年和以往一直以来运用到各个领域，领域，属于服务业特别。 Hochschild上仍然是一个关键的社会学和心理学等领域的许多跨学科领域的探讨员。
Emotion work, which is used synonymously the same as the term“emotional labor” throughout the text, is quite an important component of jobsthat require either face-to-face or voice-to-voice interactions with customers.This refers to not only the service sector, such as nurses and call center workers,but also the police, debt collectors, teachers, and others. Since emotion work is apart of social exchange for everybody, it is arguable that the concept ofemotional labor can be applied usefully to service sector professionals, such asteachers. Several case studies and qualitative studies have demonstrated thatemotional labor is quite an important part of teaching and is closely related to teacher’s professional and personal outcomes.Teaching has always been described as an important emotional activitywhere teachers are expected to ensure the well-being of their students bothphysically and mentally and are required to be models of managing all thethings, including emotions at work, treat children with patience and warmth,and suppress sense of impatience or anger.
Many commentators stress that teachers' “emotional labor” is hard workand should be valued in the same way as any other work in the service sector.Teachers perform unseen yet significant emotion work as a part of their r
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