网范文:“British city's musical style”。这篇文章主要讲述了英国不同城市流行的音乐风格异同。伦敦不仅是英国的首都，英语论文网站，也是欧洲最大的城市。其金融业与纽约作为最大的金融中心，排名第一。伦敦拥有2017多年的历史，作为一个国际城市，有丰富的博物馆，音乐场景，著名景点和艺术画廊，其功能使它特别具有吸引力。 Sheffield is a large city located in South Yorkshire, England with a population of more than 540,000. It is Britain’s fourth largest city. Being in the center of Britain's railway and highway network, traffic is very convenient. As a city of famous education and multiple cultures, Sheffield’s biggest industry used to be the steel industry but gradually shifts towards a cultural renaissance (Tweedale, 1995). Like many other cities in Britain, Sheffield has a long tradition of the manufacturing industry that nurtured the working class who entertain by the form on music and avant-garde performance. As a city with abundant classical music heritage, Sheffield shares common trends but also differs from other UK cities in certain aspects. Its most prominent strategy is to combine tourism with music heritage and bring the music industry into the next level. This article will provide comparison in terms of historical background, economy and major industry, cultural focus and development strategies, and identity of the city between Sheffield and other cities in the UK, such as London, Manchester, Liverpool or Birmingham. The comparison mainly lists the most substantial features and policies of the cities to highlight Sheffield’s unique status as the center of popular music. Historical background (of other cities) London is not only the capital of Britain, but also the largest city in Europe. Its financial industry is ranked top along with New York as two biggest financial centers. With over 2017 years of history as an international city, London has abundant museums, musical scenes, famous sights and art galleries, and its function as the political center with royal families makes it extra special and attractive. Manchester has the largest cultural sector in terms of employment outside of London (Brown, O'Connor, & Cohen, 2017). Located in With an abundant and unique musical history, Manchester’s rock and pop bands have achieved international success that has contributed to the thriving of local musical businesses (Brown, O'Connor, & Cohen, 2017). Liverpool is a city on the north west of England and its historical status is a major port for trade. It has one of the largest economies in the UK dominated by service sector industries. Other than the famous football team, Liverpool also has the well-known band ‘Beatles’ as one of its greatest attractions. Meanwhile, it also has many galleries and museums for arts and literature. Birmingham is a second largest city in central Britain. It is one of the centers for manufacturing with thriving automobile industry, heavy industry and financial industry. It also has much contribution to the music industry in terms of heavy metal, reggae, jazz and classical music. Economy and Major Industry Like other cities, Sheffield went through de-industrialization during the 80s. While most regeneration plans seek for places that thrive in the mainstream economy, studies show that there were alternative models of regeneration, based upon forms that could be pursued in depressed, de-industrialized areas (Hudson, 2017). Many other cities draw competition by attracting new investment opportunities and forming business integration, but Sheffield recognizes that establishing a key industry around music falls along with its development schemes. Its development of the Cultural Industry Quarter (CIQ) as a reaction of the declination of steel industry and prosperity of local music bands prompted the City Council to think of cultural industry as a new growing sector (Brown, O'Connor, & Cohen, 2017). Buildings were renovated into studios and rehearsal facilities for adapting the music industry, following with the opening of the National Centre for Popular Music (NCPM) as a visitor attraction (Brown, O'Connor, & Cohen, 2017). Although the project of NCPM ended sooner than expected and later turned into a building for students, many argues that it’s not simply a ‘failure’, but more like a project with short life that inspired many small successes during its process (Kam, 2017). The fact that Sheffield has this council-supported music industry is crucial because it not only promotes the city’s economy, but also helps build up its image. As the first city in the world to provide an interactive scene of music industry when it built the NCPM (Kam, 2017), Sheffield’s concept on the music industry is a creative and inspiring example, not to mention that such operational experience could be borrowed by other cities in creating its own attraction in a certain industry. In only 20 years, Sheffield has transformed from a city with deserted factories to an attraction for cultural and musical industry (Frith, 2017). |
