网范文:“Care for people with disabilities”。这篇文章作者主要讲述了人们应该试图尝试为残疾人做一些力所能你估计的事情，譬如设计一些智能工具，英语论文网站，方便残障认识生活、学习等。 To build a large city of high civilization, we need to advance the construction of the service system of the disabled and the development of the disabled enterprise. The disabled need to go to school, go shopping, go travelling and go to work like ordinary person. So, to make them get to school and go to travel, we should design a special map for them. Introduction The purpose of this article is to design a special map for the disabled including mainly the wheelchair users and color-blind people. Then it shows that how to select the color for the special map. Besides, the article shows the development of the tactile map and auxiliary appliance for the disabled. Maps for wheelchair users. When the users want to go out. At first, the map should provide a safe suggestion for them. And then, the map have to consider the conditions of the surface of road. If the road is not smooth and have obvious height difference, the disabled also do not adopt it. When the disabled decide to go out, this map will select the suitable roads and help them to arrive at their destination. In our cities, we need to set up some convenient public facilities for the disabled. Projects relating to the production of maps for the disabled people and the disabled use of maps and mapping technology has mainly concentrated on the design and development of tactile maps and other navigation and orientation ways for people with visual impairments(Anderson, P. and Kitchin, R.M, 2017). However, there has been relatively little consideration given to maps that can facilitate and improve the interaction with the built environment for other disabled people, particularly those with mobility impairments. So access maps have large, potential utility. Despite some improvements in the design of built environments, many aspects of cities remain inaccessible or difficult to navigate for people with mobility impairments. The surface of paths are too rough for wheelchairs, there are steps and stairs but no ramps, aisle are too narrow, there are few resting spaces and public toilets that are accessible, public phones are too high or in inaccessible booths, When these access factors have been considered, it has often led to the creation of specific arrangements. For example, poor access to a building might be resolved by the creation of a specific disabled entrance rather than a modification of existing facilities. So (Napolitano,1995) and (Imrie,1996) disabled entrances are often at the sides or backs of buildings, rather than at the front, along with access for everyone else. As a consequence, the disabled often have to walk circuitous routes among locations, and have to plan to use alternative facilities if those are inaccessible. The next, we will introduce a special project to design map for the disabled. The project ed aims to evaluate the design and production of access maps for the disabled(Barnes, C, 1992.). The project includes eight phases, each phase aims to insist on the principles of inclusive participation: the planning, execution, and control of the project is all agreed(Barnes, C. and Mercer, G, 1997). The first phase includes to planning the remit and scope of the audit. Meetings are held to identify the nature of the project, the project aims, and the process. The second phase is initiated, this phase consists of the formation of a subcommittee of four to consider and plan the specific and structural details of the audit. The working is to develop the design of symbol that is sufficient to represent all situations and obstacles that the disabled may encounter while moving through these environments. The symbols that are selected have to be easy to apply to base maps in the field, these symbols have to be easy to recognize, have to represent all types of obstacles and have to be transferable so that groups in other towns can also use them. Subsequently adopt some symbols, modify others, and where it is necessary to design new symbols. Although the audit is to consider the spaces between buildings and entries, a set of symbols for the inside of buildings is developed. Next, it is to decide which areas of the town will be surveyed, and possible strategies for dividing the work between the group members. The last task in this phase is deciding the areas to survey and mapping. The main shopping and civic areas is selected as studying sites, and the region of study is divided into four areas roughly. The third phase take a pilot study to assess, using a small subsection of the town, the effectiveness of the set of symbol. From this pilot study, several new symbols are added to the set in response to some unexpected obstacles in the environment, and some of the symbols are revised because they are too difficult to apply to the map in the field. The fourth phase consists of a training session to teach the members of basic map reading, to show how to recognize all environmental an obstacles, and how to apply symbols to the field maps. This training session takes place in the field so that members have guided experience in the environment, and so that they know how to perform the necessary work. Members are instructed to follow the all the procedure of survey and place all relevant data – every doorway, every piece of street facility, every public utility – onto the field map regardless of whether there are any access problems. The survey is the fifth phase. Totally, eight the disabled perform the field survey, Group members are divided into four pairs, each pair arrange one for study areas. Each pair is supplied with enlarged maps of their designated area, along with a tape measure for measuring the width of doors and heights of curbs, and a camera. To use the data that is collected, the sixth phase of the study consists of producing high quality access maps that is suitable for distribution. The seventh phase firstly makes group members check their survey maps against the final access map, and then a field check of the access maps in the environment itself is conducted to eliminate as many mistakes as possible. To perform a consistent field check, one group member that is not involved in the initial data collection process resurveyed the town using the final access map. The eighth and final phase of the project is the publishing of the access map and its symbol set on the Internet via a series of Web pages. The Web page adopts a simple user interface that allows the user to find the access map. A series of hotspots join in the Web map enable the user to click on locations to see photographs illustrating the access problem at that location. The disabled do not enjoy the same freedom to independently undertake daily lives, such as going to shops or going to the pub, that non-disabled people take for granted. In these circumstances, access maps provide valuable information that can significantly improve daily interactions of the disabled with their environments. Select color for color-blind people |
