本文主要讲述的是对于青春期第二性征出现的各类问题进行略论解释的范文。青春期是每个人都必须经历的，英语论文，而且也是一个重要的过渡阶段。文章从对青春出现的各类第二性征进行略论并进一步阐述青春期间的少男少女需要受到重视，同时也需要给予正确的引导。
Puberty, an important transition stage during which growth become dramatic rapidly and the primary and secondary sex characteristics develop accordingly, is an inevitable transition stage from childhood to adulthood. Most of us will or have gone through puberty with similar characteristics of puberty or personal feelings. Not everyone will have the same puberty which is rather unique compared person to person, but there will some common traits we could follow. Physical changes, are must necessarily part of the puberty, including changes in stature and the dimensions of the body and sex maturation.
When puberty takes place, the youngster will experience a dramatic increase in height and weight named adolescent growth spurt (Steinberg, 2017, p.28), the speed is fast that can be compared to a toddler. Boys’ peak height velocity averages about 4 inches while girls’ is about 3.5 inches and the gained height is mostly result from torso increase while the legs increase averagely contribute less. Besides height, weight is another important change, “nearly half of the one’s adult body weight is gained during adolescence” (Steinberg, 2017, cited in Susman&Dorn, 2017). On average, the spurt of girls are two year earlier than boys, that is, before age 11, boys tend to be taller than girls at the same age, but between 11 and 13, girls will be tend to be taller than boys. With weights gains, there is an accordingly increase in muscle and fat. Muscle tissues will grow faster than girls while females tend to develop more body fats than males and the muscle-to-fat ratio of adolescent girls is about 3 to 1 compared to 5 to1 ratio of the boys (Steinberg, 2017, p. 29).
Sex maturation is another extremely important of the puberty teenagers, including the growth of the genitals, public hair, underarm hair and the emergence of oil-and sweat producing glands those common secondary sex traits, the different secondary sex traits like the coming of menarche of the girls and the ejaculations of seminal fluid of the boys are also included. The development of the secondary sex characteristics is described into 5 stages in both sex according to Tanner stages, such as the development of the breasts and public hair of girls and the penis and scrotum and the public hair of boys( Steinberg, 2017, p.32-33). For example, when it come public hair, it will start with no pubic hair at stage 1, small amount of the long public hair to the final adult type, which distribute as an inverse triangle. Generally, those characteristics came along with grow of age from about 10 years old of boys and 7 years old of the girls. Compared to girls, the boys secondary sex characteristics develop fairly orderly. “Generally, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, accompanied by the first appearance of pubic hair”, “the emergence of facial and body hair are relatively late developments. The same is true for the deepening of the voice”. Besides, the skin will become rougher and there will be increase of sweat glands, the male breast also has slight change in puberty (Steinberg, 2017, p.31). In girls, the first sign is the elevation of the breast. But some girls will develop public hair before elevation of the breasts while menarche is a late development characteristic. During puberty, development of uterus, vagina and other reproductive systems is included.
Although both boys and girls will experience puberty with the rapid development of stature and the dimensions of the body and secondary sex characteristics in a similar way, from historical perspective, adulthood comes late.
“In 1960, most men and women navigated the passage to adulthood-as measured by completing school, leaving home, enter full-time employment, marriage, and parenthood by age 25. Today, only a minority completes these transitions by age 30 (Frank F. Furstenberg, 2017).”
It is obvious that there are some changes from puberty to adulthood, but the pattern of puberty has similarity. There are several experience differences in the effects of puberty. The physical change makes them to know about puberty, but most of them are not prepared for the dramatically change, some even feel more embarrassed if there is no one teaches them. However, what really important is the environment they are in, which values the outside world hold, which forage the feeling of the youngster towards puberty. “The impact of puberty on mental health varies by gender and across ethic groups, with girls more adversely affected than boys (Steinberg, 2017, p.38).” That is, the forage of the self-esteem at the stage depends a lot on the outside environment, including the family and the social attitude. For example, when in a society that emphasize on the thinness, “the increase in body dissatisfaction among White girls that takes place at puberty is, not surprisingly, linked to specific concerns that girls have about their hips, thighs, waist and weight (Steinberg, 2017, p.38 cited in Roseblum&Lewis, 1999).”
Especially for those who are early or late maturation. It is found out that “early mature boys feel better about themselves and are more popular than their late maturing peers”, and they have higher self-esteem, compared to generally positive impact that early maturation has on the psychological wellbeing of boys. ” early- maturing girls have more emotional difficulties than their peers, including lower self-mage and higher rates of depression, anxiety ,eating disorders and panic attacks.” Thus the girls at the stage may be vulnerable, sensitive and has lower self esteem compared to the boys. At the same time, it seems that both early-maturing boys or girls are more likely to get involved in problem behavior, like delinquency and drugs and alcohol use or experience early sexual intercourse (Steinberg, 2017, p.44-45) .
Puberty not only have effect on self-esteem and behavior of the youngster but weight gains. According to current study and definition of BMI, many youngster in America are facing obesity, which is by far the most common eating disorder among adolescents. ”Compared to their peers in the mid-1960s, the average 15-year-old boy today is 15 pounds heavier, and the average 15-year-old girl is 10 pounds heavier-increases that are far greater than could possibly be due to changes in height(Steinberg, 2017, p.48). Except genetic, environmental factors like foods including unhealthy food and beverages seem to play an extremely important role to explain obesity, and obesity in adolescence appear to be greater for females than males. Because teenagers’ self-image is very much tied to their body image, in a society which stress on thinness, many girls began to concern their weight. The term disordered eating, which refer to unhealthy eating attitudes and behaviors, develops for the aim of loss weight and keep thinning. “Some young women become so concerned about gaining weight that they take drastic and dangerous –measures to remain thin”, like bulimia and anorexia nervosa. What’s more, steroid use is another “strategy” to lose weight or become more muscular, especially use in athletes and teens who want improve performance or lose weight.” And it seems that there are more female users than female users. “Among adolescents, most commonly abused by 0.5% of 8th graders, 1% of 10th graders, and 1.5% of 12th graders at least once in a year (Steriod Abusing, 2017) .” When exposed to mass media that pay too attention to be thin, the value of the teen are effected by the outside environment factors and eating disorder and steroid use are the best example to demonstrate.
Puberty is explained in detail above, including the somatic change and sexual maturation. With the rapid physical change, teens’ mental develops accordingly. They become more moody and sentimental, more aggressive or depressive than usual. That is, adolescents live in worlds that are less stable, faster-paced and more rapidly changing than those of adults. Moreover, “laypersons, policy makers ,and researchers are generally aware that adolescents takes more risks than children or adults (James et al.,2017, cited in Stainberg,2017) ”, as I point out above, both early-maturing boys or girls are more likely to get involved in problem behavior, like delinquency and drugs and alcohol use or experience early sexual intercourse. Besides, when exposed to an environment where put too much attention to be thin, obesity become teens’ first concern for better self-image. In order to keep thin or lose weight, the youngsters are trying their best finding new ways. Eating disorder and steroid using are two approaches they use to improve self-image or performance. But the bad behaviors lead to disease. In instance, Anorexia nervosa is a symptom of eating disorder in the video what the parents should know, which help parents by giving four advice including intervention, understand, treatment and creating a healthy family environment. (Loeb, 2017) ” the most important health problem afflicting adolescent have been behavioral rather than natural causes (Steinberg, 2017, p54)”. Thus as you can see, promoting adolescent health is urgent, it is never too much to concern the adolescence not only because of the special of the puberty, but the actual needs to more healthy and promising adulthood.
Reference
Frank F.Furstenberg (2017). Passage to Adulthood (pp.3-7).Annual Editions(pp.19-23).
James D et al., Intutive Risking Taking during Adolescence. Annual Editions(pp.19-23).
Loeb K. L. (n.d.). Anorexia nervosa in teens: What parents should know. Farleigh Dickinson University, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Retrieved from
N.d. Steriod Abusing. eBuysteroids Brand. Retrieved from
Steinberg, L. (2017). Chapter 1. In Adolescence (9th ed.) (pp.22–54). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
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