Hangul(Korean language) is a shallow orthography language which spelling-to-sound has a strong consistency. However, there is phonological change which occurs between syllables by phonological rules. Korean children begin to recognize and apply phonological rules before the second grade of elementary school and they acquire knowledge of phonological rules throughout elementary school and develop reading and writing skills. According to the Dual Route Model (Coltheart, 2006), the words and non-words using phonological rules activate visual and phonologic pathways, respectively. The words are directly linked from orthography to meaning, while non-words or unfamiliar words activate the phonologic route that process grapheme-phoneme conversion. It is difficult to apply phonological rules to children and adults with dyslexia who have impaired phonologic pathways. They show a great difficulty in processing non-words which need to utilize a phonologic route. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the damaged phonological route of the reading disorder group and to study the activation process for the neurological proof of the effective intervention and the therapeutic effect for the reading disorder group. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data from ERP analysis to establish neurological research background, for real time processing of phonological pathway activation in application of Korean specific phonological rules and word/non-word recognition. A total of 28 normal adults aged between 20 and 38 years, who had sufficient experience of applying phonological rules in words, were included. The phoneme judgment task was used to see whether the phonological rule is applied correctly by comparing the pronunciation of auditory word after the visual word was presented. All the stimuli used in the task were two syllable words with phonological rules, with 102 words and 102 non-words. The phonetic rules were applied with auditory stimuli in half of the words, and the other half of the pronunciation was read without applying the phonetic rules. A total of 204 questions were divided into 4 conditions according to the meaning of word and the application of phonological rules. 51 semantic words read by applying the phonological rules, 51 semantic words read without reading by applying the phonological rules, 51 non-words read by applying the phonological rules, and 51 non-words read without applying the phonological rules. The correct response rate (%), the response time (ms), and the average amplitude (㎶) of ERP were measured during the evaluation of the naturalness of the pronunciation. In the behavioral analysis, there was a significant difference between the correct response rate and the response time depending on the meaning of the word and the application of the phonological rules. Compared to the meaningless words, the words pronounced by applying the phonological rules were significantly higher in both correct response rate and the response time than the ones without phonological rules. This supports the dual route model. It means that in the meaningless word, the ratio of feeling unnatural on reading without applying the phonological rule is lower than in the meaning word. There was a secondary interaction effect between word meaning and phonological rules. In reaction time, no secondary interaction effect was observed. Regardless of the meaning of the words, the gap of the reaction time was similar between applying phonological rules and not applying them. To analyze the ERP components, average amplitudes were compared between 150~300ms, 200~350ms, and 350~500ms time windows. Significantly smaller amplitude of the word than the non-word appeared in 150~300ms and 200~350ms latency windows after auditory stimulation. There was no significant difference according to whether phonological rules were applied. The difference in the meaning of the words indicates that the lexical information approached when the visual stimulus is recognized, has continued to be influenced even after the auditory stimulus is presented. In semantic words, the waveform was smaller when pronounced with the phonological rule, than by not applying rule. This suggests that the P200 and N250 components are observed when the prime and the target stimulus are phonologically consistent. In addition, the effect of the secondary interaction between the meaning of word and the application of phonological rules was significant. This seems to be due to the difference between word and non-word. In the 350~500ms time window, the word had a larger waveform than the non-word. This result is different from previous studies that pseudo-words cause larger amplitude than words. This is because the tasks used in this study are not lexical decision tasks and the subjects do not focus on semantic judgment. It is assumed that the waveforms related to the semantic processing are disturbed. After the auditory stimulation, the semantic word must bring back the phonological information in the phonetic lexicon, so it is thought that the semantic processing is in progress along with the phonological processing, and that it has continuously influenced the waveform. Words and non-words go through different phonologic routes while word recognition. According to the regularity of the grapheme-phoneme, there was a difference in the judgment time, but the phonological pathway was shared. The results of this study will be useful in the following research areas, such as the word recognition and phonological development in children, and the word recognition of the elderly with decreased judgment and low processing ability. It may also be useful in neurologically verifying the therapeutic effect of the reading disability groups. Due to the nature of the task, complicated processes and judgments were made and it was difficult to identify the waveforms that clearly showed the grapheme-phoneme conversion. Further studies are needed to examine the phonological pathway activation characteristics of each group by direct comparison investigation. ，韩语论文网站，韩语论文题目 |
