The Effects of Chinese Korean-speakers' phonotactic knowledge of korean liquid
The purpose of this research is to figure out whether the phonology of Chinese native speakers has an influence on Korean liquid pronunciation /ㄹ/. First, the respond...
The Effects of Chinese Korean-speakers' phonotactic knowledge of korean liquid
The purpose of this research is to figure out whether the phonology of Chinese native speakers has an influence on Korean liquid pronunciation /ㄹ/. First, the respondents are Chinese Korean-language learners, who are surveyed of their recognition on Korean liquid pronunciation /ㄹ/. Then from the survey results it can be inferred which possible problems occur when they are learning to pronounce the /ㄹ/. Those problems build the main topic of this research and, are verified by cognitive experiment and output experiment. At last it is clarified what is the effect of the Chinese learners' native language on the pronunciation of Korean /ㄹ/.
In the first chapter, it is presented the importance and purpose of the research. While the previous researches about Chinese learners' pronunciation of Korean consonant /ㄹ/ and Chinese Erhua are presented and discussed.
In the second chapter, the characteristics of Korean consonant /ㄹ/ and Chinese initial consonant such as /l/, /r/ and the Chinese Erhua are stated in the perspective of phonology and phonetic. Also the characteristics of those 4 phonemes are compared along with their differences and the similarities.
In the third chapter, a survey is conducted to find out how well the Chinese Korean-language learners recognize Korean consonant /ㄹ/. According to the survey, 32 of the 34 (94.12%) respondents consider that /ㄹ/ appearing at the position of Syllable initial consonant (word-medial initial consonant) is similar to the Chinese initial consonant /l/. 26 of 34 (76.47%) respondents consider that /ㄹ/ appearing at finial consonant position is similar to the Chinese Erhua. According to those results, it can be guessed that in the condition of Korean /ㄹ-ㄹ/ combination, in which two /ㄹ/ occur one following another, Chinese Erhua and initial consonant /l/ will be presented. Because the Chinese Korean-language learners would recognize the first /ㄹ/ as Chinese Erhua and the second /ㄹ/ as an initial consonant /l/.
In the fourth chapter, cognitive and output experiment is conducted to verify the results of the questionnaires. In the cognitive experiment the Chinese Korean-language learners were asked to spell out and write down Korean words using Chinese phonetic alphabet after listening the native Korean pronouncing those words. Experimental results showed that in the Syllable initial consonant case, 95% respondents wrote Korean /ㄹ/ with Chinese initial consonant /l/; 80% wrote it with Chinese Erhua in the case of the Final Consonant and 75% wrote it with Chinese /??//initial /l/ for the /ㄹ-ㄹ/ case. From those cognitive experiment results, it can be learned that for the cognition of the Chinese Korean-language learners, the pronunciation of the Syllable initial consonant /ㄹ/ is similar to that of the Chinese initial /l/, the pronunciation of the Final Consonant is similar to the Chinese Erhua, and pronunciation of the Korean /ㄹ-ㄹ/ combination is similar to that of the Chinese /??//initial /l/.
In addition, the results of the output experiment in the fourth chapter show the different /ㄹ/ pronunciation phenomenon of the Chinese Korean-language learners. The results show that when /ㄹ/ appears in the Syllable initial consonant position, there are three main pronunciation phenomena, tap [r], lateral [l] and retroflex [r]. Of these three pronunciation phenomena, lateral [l] reaches up to 84.83%, which makes the largest portion of all pronounced phenomena. The experimental results also show that in the case of Syllable initial consonant the Chinese Korean-language learners can't properly pronounce the tap [r]. By the influence of their native language they pronounce as lateral [l] instead of tap [r]. Moreover according to analysis of each learner's pronunciation phenomenon, it can be learned 17 of the 20 respondents pronounce /ㄹ/ in the case of the Syllable initial consonant as lateral [l]
When /ㄹ/ appears in the final consonant position, the pronunciation phenomena are mainly Erhua [??], lateral [l] and off([Ø]) of the final consonant. Of three pronunciation phenomena, Erhua [??] reaches up the largest proportion with 70.83%. The experimental results show that for the final consonant case the Chinese Korean-language learners can't properly pronounce it as lateral [l], but as Erhua [??], which is also affected by the Chinese native language. And according to analysis of each learner's pronunciation phenomenon it can be learned that, 14 of the 20 respondents pronounce final consonant /ㄹ/ like Erhua [??].
In the case of /ㄹ-ㄹ/ combination, the Chinese Korean-language learners would pronounced it as 7 aspects such as [??/l], [l/l], [Ø/l], [l/?], [l/?], [??/?], [Ø/?], and [??/l] occurs most frequently, reaching up 70.83%. From the experiment, it is clarified that Chinese Korean-language learners can't pronounce properly in the condition of /ㄹ-ㄹ/ combination, but they pronounce it like - Erhua [??]lateral [l], also influenced by the native language. And by analyzing the results of each learner's pronunciation phenomenon it shows that 14 of the 20 respondents pronounce /ㄹ-ㄹ/ as - Erhua [??]/lateral [l].
This research showed the effects of native language on the Korean liquid /ㄹ/ pronunciation based on the phonological knowledge.
Knowing the influence of native language on Korean pronunciation would help Chinese Korean-language learners to pursue an appropriate pronunciation of Korean liquid /ㄹ/. Furthermore this research is significant because it established tangible references based on real experiment which is useful for the further studies on the methodology of teaching Korean pronunciation for the Chinese Korean-language learners.
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