A Comparative Study of the Morphology and Semantics of South and North Korean Vocabulary Words : A Focused on Korean textbooks for Foreigners This study was aimed at identifying the differences in vocabulary between South Korea and North Korea throug... A Comparative Study of the Morphology and Semantics of South and North Korean Vocabulary Words : A Focused on Korean textbooks for Foreigners This study was aimed at identifying the differences in vocabulary between South Korea and North Korea through a vocabulary analysis of Korean textbooks of South and North Korea. To this end, firstly, this study give a general overview of the linguistic policy transition process in South and North Korea, and the aspects of the changing vocabulary of South and North Korea was examined, based on a campaign to purify Korean language in both South and North Korea. In chapter 2, to summarize of the contents of the linguistic policy and the vocabulary modification of the South and the North Korea; the Korean language policy of the South Korea was found to regard the language as a social convention, expressing arbitrary symbol, and the government has established a national language policy and enforced it in a way of public interest for the nation. While the North Korean language policy is, led by the North Korean government carefully and systematically, the South Korean national policy has changed slowly following the course of language nature and the language use by the nation. The transition process of the Korean language policy in South Korea can be divided 5 steps according to the issues about using Korean and Chinese characters in combination or using Korean only. The policy to purify the Korean language is to remove exceptionable expressions in the Korean language, to recover pure language, and to simplify complex language. The policy is needed to clean the loanwords forced by Japan, to build up the racial spirit, and to establish independent values through the Korean language. The campaign to purify the Korean language started in 1948, and was called 『Naming the roads in pure Korean words』, and the campaign was accelerated in 1970’s. In 2002, 21,000 purified words were announced, and the target of purifying words were Japanese, Sino-Japanese words, extremely difficult Sino-Korean words, loanwords, and foreign language. In North Korea, the view of language ‘Juche (self-reliance language ideology)’, combining the language tool viewpoint founded on the materialistic language viewpoint and the Juche. In other words, the language is a strong weapon of the revolution and construction, and the main agent of the language is the people. The Korean language policy in the North Korea can be divided 5 steps focusing on the transition of language norms. The purification of language in the North Korea was a language revolution to save the superiority of Korean language and make up for its shortcomings, and it originated from the effort to eradicate illiteracy to establish the system of communism. The target words included loanwords and Sino-Korean words that can be expressed with the same meaning in the native language, difficult Sino-Korean words which were not like Korean words, and negative vocabulary for ideology and consciousness, In 1964 and 1966, through the North Korean language policy institution, the purification of language campaign in the North Korea became the Munhwaeo (North Korean Standard Language) campaign, and native Korean words were used instead of Sino-Korean words or words from foreign languages, and the dual vocabulary system including native Korean words and Sino-Korean words and nonstandard vocabulary was changed again. In Chapter 3, this study researched the specific causes of the language differences between the South and the North Korea. In the South Korea, the ‘standard language’ is a language based on the Seoul dialect, while the North Korean standard language is called ‘Munhwaeo’ based on the Pyongyang dialect. The ‘standard language’ of South Korea is a modern Seoul dialect, which is used widely by cultured people, whereas ‘Munhwaeo’ is a cultivated language which was based on the Pyongyang dialect for the working class and daily life. Since the Munhwaeo is a refined language based on the Pyongyang dialect, the Northern Korean dialect was a key element, causing the language rift to divide South and North Korea. The different vocabulary can be classified into three categories; words in which the form is different but meaning is the same; words in which the forms are the same but the meanings are different; and words which appear only in South or North Korea. As for the words with the same forms but different meanings, it is due to the different vocabulary of the local dialect, the phonological gap, the language norms, and the word formation. The words with the same form but different meanings, causes the biggest barrier in the communication among the people of North and South Korea because each understands the meaning with which they are already acquainted. South and North Korea have words with same forms but some have completely different meanings while others are different only in nuance. For example, ‘바쁘다(to be busy)’ means ‘there is not enough time to do something’ in South Korea, whereas it means ‘it is very difficult and a pity to do something’ in the North Korean language. Besides, many vocabularies developed due to the difference in the political and economic system between South and North Korea. In the South Korean standard language, the words relating to capitalism appeared, whereas words relating to communism and that lifestyle appeared in North Korea. In chapter 4, this study analyzed Korean as a foreign language of South and North Korea. The subjects of analysis were 『Sejong Korean』1~8 for the South Korean language textbooks, and 『Choseoneo (North Korean language) for foreigners 1』, 『Choseoneo conversation 1』, 『Choseoneo conversation 2』of the North Korean language textbooks. The result of the cause analysis about the vocabulary differences are as follows; in the basic level textbooks of『Choseoneo for foreigners 1』and『Choseoneo conversation 1』have basic vocabulary for daily life, and the purified vocabulary were included in the textbooks. A total of 95 words which were changed because of the purification of language campaign were found, 『Choseoneo for foreigners 1』had 50 words(51.1%), 『Choseoneo conversation 1』had 29 words(29.5%) and 『Choseoneo conversation 2』has 19 words(19.4%). In contrast, the content of『Choseoneo conversation 2』contains scenarios of plays and film. It was designed not just for foreign Korean language learners, but also for the people, so it includes various local dialects. There were a total of 70 words which were shifted due to the local dialect, 『Choseoneo conversation 2』had 50 words(71.5%), 『Choseoneo for foreigners 1』had 8 words(11.4%), and 『Choseoneo conversation 1』had 12 words(17.1%). In the words which are different because of linguistic norms differences, the words are most commonly different due to the first initial sound law, and other cases are due to inter siot (ㅅ), loanword orthography differences, phonological differences, and word formation differences. There are fewer ‘words with same forms but different meanings’ than ‘words with different forms but same meanings’, however, it is difficult to figure out the exact meaning because the same forms exit in South Korean language. The expansion or reduction of meaning range, the progress or drop of the meaning value, and the homonym caused to change the meaning, thus, ‘words with same forms but different meaning’ in South and North Korea use the words of same forms in different way. Besides, newly formed vocabulary words can be found in North Korean language, however, they look very unfamiliar and it is difficult to figure out the meanings without a dictionary. The newly formed vocabulary words in North Korea can be classified by the content; words relating to new titles, praise of the North Korean system, encouragement of labor, and other lifestyle related words. This study identified how the South and North Korean languages are different by analyzing the vocabulary of Korean textbooks for foreigners of South and North Korea. If a united Korea were to produce Korean textbooks for foreigners in the future, this study may be helpful to unify the vocabulary of the South and North Korea. ，韩语论文题目，韩语论文题目 |
