Iconicity-Based Analyses of Complements and Adjuncts
in English and Korean
Iconicity of language has been an important notion in cognitive linguistics and adopted to explain many research questions in linguistics (Newmeyer 1992). The purpose of t...
Iconicity-Based Analyses of Complements and Adjuncts
in English and Korean
Iconicity of language has been an important notion in cognitive linguistics and adopted to explain many research questions in linguistics (Newmeyer 1992). The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the iconicity principle reflected in compound words, phrases, and sentences in English and Korean. In this thesis, we also present iconicity-based analyses of complements and adjuncts.
In Korean, many studies have argued that complements can be distinguished from adjuncts by competing criteria among syntactic, semantic, and discourse principles (e.g. Yu 1994; Woo 1996; Park 2002; Kim 2000, 2004). According to Chae (2000: 69), however, "there are no syntactic criteria to rely on in Korean, which is a pro-drop language".
In this respect, we argue that the linguistic phenomena in Korean can instead be explained by iconic principles because the word order in Korean and English mainly follows three iconic principles: distance, quantity and sequencing. To further support the notion of iconicity, we focus on the iconic ordering of complements and adjuncts from the perspective of distance principle.
In conclusion, English manifests the iconic word order in terms of the proximity of head and complements, whereas Korean manifests a relative freedom in the ordering of complements and adjuncts in the majority of cases. In other words, Korean manifests the iconic word order only if a complement is obligatory or unmarked. These phenomena demonstrate that there are other important factors that influence the word order variation in Korean, i.e. topicalization and focusing.
Key words: iconicity, complements, adjuncts, topicalization, focusing, word order variation
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