The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that a shift in modal expressions results in a shift in the point of view in a literary text, and in this way it allows the reader to understand the story in a different way. To analyze this effect, the study...
The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that a shift in modal expressions results in a shift in the point of view in a literary text, and in this way it allows the reader to understand the story in a different way. To analyze this effect, the study analyzes the expressions of modality in Raymond Carver’s short story “Cathedral” and its two versions of Korean translations, and examines how a shift in modality results in a shift in a narrator’s point of view.
This study consists of five chapters. Chapter 2 explores the concept of point of view and modality, and Chapter 3 the system of modality in a source language and a target language. Based on the theoretical background discussed in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, Chapter 4 analyzes the expressions of modality in the source text and its two target texts.
Specifically, Chapter 2 introduces previous research on the concept of point of view and modality, and this is followed by a discussion of the relations between modality and point of view based on the interpersonal approach suggested by Paul Simpson. The interpersonal approach is based on the interpersonal functions of language. Following that, previous research related to the translation of point of view is explored.
The point of view in a literary text is about the way of organizing events and characters in a text, which can show the narrator’s attitudes or views toward other characters and events composing a story. The point of view is related to the interpersonal meanings of language and manifested by linguistic markers, especially the system of modality that is the way speakers express their attitudes toward what they are saying.
Chapter 3 examines previous research on the system of modality in English and Korean and lays out a working model of modality. The modality type, non-linguistic concepts represented by each modality type, and linguistic expressions are presented. The modality system includes the epistemic modality and the deontic modality. The epistemic modality is the system of ‘usuality and certainty or uncertainty in the truth of a proposition expressed’, and the deontic modality is the system of ‘duty’ and ‘desire’. A speaker can represent the meanings of probability, possibilities or usuality using epistemic modal expressions. The deontic modal expressions represent a speaker’s suggestion, permission, desire, inclination, or abilities.
Chapter 4 analyzes the expressions of modality in Raymond Carver’s short story “Cathedral” and its two versions of Korean translations. The narrator’s language is analyzed by comparing each sentence from a source text and its two target texts.
Raymond Carver, a minimalist writer, has a unique writing style that is plain and simple. He usually depicts the story of ordinary people who suffer from loneliness and isolation. The relationships and emotional distance between characters are the critical factors in his works. In other words, the point of view which is the way of organizing events and characters in a text is important in his works.
In “Cathedral”, a first-person narrator “I” tells the story about the visit of his wife’s old friend, a blind man, from the narrator’s knowledge, beliefs, opinions or attitudes toward characters and events. The narrator demonstrates biased attitudes and lacks understanding of others. To analyze the narrator’s point of view, the relationships between the narrator and the reader are explored. Then, the relationships between the narrator and other characters including his wife, the blind man, and the blind man’s dead wife are examined by analyzing a change in modal expressions.
Data analysis shows the frequency of appearance of modal expressions in ST, TT1 and TT2 first. Based on this, the narrator’s point of view toward other characters and events is explained in relation to the different use of modal expressions. A shift of modality between a source text and target texts results in a change in the narrator’s point of view. This narrator’s point of view toward other characters has an effect on the tone or feel of the story and gives unique personality to the story.
In the Conclusion, a summary of this study, data analysis and findings, and the value of future studies are presented.
The point of view is a critical element in the construction of a story. The point of view that represents the narrator’s attitudes toward characters and events in the story is expressed by linguistic markers, which include modality. Therefore, a shift of modality between a source text and target texts results in a change in point of view, which in turn, results in a different understanding by readers.
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