The purpose of this study is to consider how Mongolian learners perceive and produce monophthongs in Korean.
As the recent interest in pronunciation is growing, studies on voice acquisition and utterance education have been increasing gradually. Ho...
The purpose of this study is to consider how Mongolian learners perceive and produce monophthongs in Korean.
As the recent interest in pronunciation is growing, studies on voice acquisition and utterance education have been increasing gradually. However, they are concentrated on learners of particular language groups. According to statistics from Korea Immigration Service, there are few studies on Mongolian learners of Korean language though the number of them has been increasing steadily since 2007. Especially, there is only one study on phone acquisition, so I hope this study help strengthen the basis of studies on phone acquisition of Mongolian learners.
In this study, monophthongs are mentioned at a level of segmental sounds. This study analyzes the phonetic similarity of monophthongs between L2(Korean), which is linguistic variables of L2 phone acquisition, and L1(Mongolian), and a link between Mongolian learners' perception of phonetic similarity of L2 and L1 and phone acquisition. In addition, this study will explain how experiences of L2, which is a nonlinguistic variable of L2 phone acquisition, act on phone acquisition. The discussion of the study progresses as follows.
In the first chapter, the purpose and necessity of the study are suggested and the field to be studied is defined. Based on previous studies, subjects of the study are brought up.
In the second chapter, I deal with linguistic and nonlinguistic variables of L2 phone acquisition which is a theoretical background and suggest the standard that judges the phonetic similarity for further discussions.
In the third chapter, the phonetic similarity between Korean and Mongolian monophthongs is judged by comparing pronunciations using the International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA), theories of acoustic phonetics and the experiment of monophthong similarity perception of Mongolian learners. Comparison using IPA is on the basis of the monophthongs that are similar acoustically. Comparison using theories of acoustic phonetics is the method of textual study based on experimental data from previous studies, According to average values of vowel formants(F1, F2) and whether there is difference in t-test samples on not, the similarity between a monophthong of Korean and a counterpart of Mongolian is judged. The experiment of perceiving similarity between L2(Korean) and L1(Mongolian)is carried out with 21 Mongolian learners whose average age is 24(10 males and 11 females). Used words are meaningless ones which includes Korean monophthongs such as /i, e, a, ʌ, o, u, ɨ/ and Mongolian monophthongs such as /i, e, a, ɔ, o, u, ʊ/ within the frame of /hVda/. The subjects chose the word that they thought was similar to a Mongolian word after listening to a word a Korean native speaker read twice and they were asked to give higher marks from 1 to 9 if they felt that a Korean monophthong sounded similar to a Mongolian monophthong. Through this process, I judged the degree of similarity of L2(Korean) and L1(Mongolian) as 'the same phone,' 'a similar phone' and 'a different phone' based on the scores of comparison using IPA, theories of acoustic phonetics and a learner's perception.
In the fourth chapter, Korean monophthong pronunciation of Mongolian learners is analyzed from an angle of perceiving clearly. I recorded sounds for analyzing monophthong pronunciation of Mongolian and Korean learners, and the list of words is identical with one in the third chapter. The recording was made in a soundproof recording studio in the Language Research Institute of HanKuk University of Foreign Studies and an empty classroom of a language institute of a university in Seoul. The Mongolian subjects read the sentence, 'This is /hVda/,' which includes the target word, three times at an ordinary speaking speed, and any part of reading except /hVda/ was removed with Goldwave(v 5.14). Edited words were arranged randomly, but not to follow what the same speaker read consecutively and three Korean native speakers were required to evaluate them. After listening to pronunciation of Mongolian subjects, they found and wrote the word that the speaker read on the evaluation form that I offered and checked the clarity of articulation. At first, the result of the experiment focuses on analysis of a percentage of correct answers sorted by learners and vowels, analysis of errors (types of errors sorted by vowels, a percentage of errors, influencing relationships between perception and errors). Next, I describe the relations between perceiving the similarity of L2 and L1 monophthongs and understanding them clearly dividing into two groups based on the result of the perception experiment that was carried out previously in the third chapter.
In the fifth chapter, I consider the relationships between experiences of L2 language, which is a nonlinguistic variable for L2 phone acquisition, and articulation ability. In this study, experiences of L2 language are compared and analyzed dividing into two periods: a period of learning Korean and a period of staying in Korea with a less than one year experience group and more than one year experience group.
This study deals with how Mongolian learners of Korean acquire phones of Korean monophthongs from angles of linguistic variables and nonlinguistic variables of L2 phone acquisition. The linguistic variables of L2 phone acquisition can be seen by analyzing the relations between Mongolian learners' perceiving phonetic similarity of L2(Korean) and L1(Mongolian) and their acquiring Korean monophthongs. The nonlinguistic variables can be found by analyzing the relations between L2 language experiences and an articulation ability. Lacking in technical aspects and acoustic phonetics recording system in analyzing the phone acquisition is the only limit of this study, but this study is significant in that it is a basic study of Korean phone acquisition with Mongolian learners of Korean. Based on this, I hope studies on phone acquisition with Mongolian learners become active in the future.
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