This study was carried for the purpose of defining ‘expression structure’ ‘a concept contrasting to the remaining except for grammatical one in case of speaking in a same circumstance or situation, that is ‘syntactical unit’ and to intransi...
This study was carried for the purpose of defining ‘expression structure’ ‘a concept contrasting to the remaining except for grammatical one in case of speaking in a same circumstance or situation, that is ‘syntactical unit’ and to intransitive, transitive verb expression, passive expression, systematically understanding characteristics of Japanese and Korean expression structure and types of expression structure preferred in each language, principle of difference occurrence of expression structure.
To compare and analyze the expression structure of intransitive, transitive verb expression, give and take expression and passive expression in Japanese and Korean language, this study collected total 4,228 use examples including 1,570 intransitive, transitive verb expression, 1,628 give and take expression, 1,030 passive expression examples to works in Japanese novels translated for the recent 10 years (2004-2014) and subdivided them by type. And divided corresponding and non-corresponding types as a whole and sub-divided them by type.
(1) Intransitive, transitive verb expression
Corresponding type(93.6%) : ①Japanese intransitive: Korean intransitive
②Japanese transitive: Korean transitive
③Japanese intransitive∙ transitive: Korean intransitive∙ transitive
Non-corresponding type (6.4%) : ①Japanese intransitive: Korean transitive
②Japanese transitive: Korean intransitive
③Japanese intransitive∙ transitive: Korean intransitive
④Japanese intransitive∙ transitive: Korean transitive
⑤Japanese intransitive: Korean intransitive∙ transitive
⑥Japanese transitive: Korean intransitive∙ transitive
(2) Give and take expression
Corresponding type (37.6%) : ①Complete corresponding type ②Conversion corresponding type
Non-corresponding type (62.4%): ①Verb expression ②Non-verb expression ③Omission
(3) Passive expression
Corresponding type (36.1%) : ①Complete corresponding type ②Conversion corresponding type
Non-corresponding type (63.9%): ①Verb expression ②Non-verb expression ③Omission
Due to structural similarity both Japanese and Korean languages have, this study started by predicting the similarity of expression structure to some extent in relation to intransitive, transitive verb expression, 1,628 give and take expression, 1,030 passive expression, it is noted that each give and take expression showed high rate such as 62.4% and passive expression 63.9% in non-corresponding type, while intransitive∙ transitive expression showed very low non-corresponding rate such as 6.4%. The analysis findings of use examples relevant to each expression type can be pointed out as follows.
First, unlike give and take expression and passive expression, intransitive, transitive verb expression showed non-corresponding rate of 6.4%, which could confirm there is a subtle difference of expression structure in both language. I-A type corresponding Japanese 「Intransitive verb」and Korean「Intransitive verb」 was used to describe the situation arising naturally regardless of the speaker’s intention and I-B type corresponding Japanese 「Transitive verb」and Korean「Transitive verb」was used in case of action created or achieved intentionally by the speaker. On one hand, among corresponding type, I-C type corresponding Japanese 「Intransitive transitive verb」and Korean「Intransitive transitive verb」observed the case of a subtle difference of expression (meaning) between both Japanese and Korean language according to context and circumstance. Japanese selects intransitive expression to imply speaker’s consideration to listener or selects transitive expression to express speaker is under responsibility for any occurrence of a situation, while Korean language is indifferent to such selection factor or neutral to that situation.
Second, in give and take expression, focusing on point of time, this study explored by dividing three groups of 「V₁-teageru」group, 「V₁-tekureru」group, 「V₁-temorau」group, which indicated high non-corresponding rate of 62.4%. of verb expression of non-corresponding type (II-A type), 「V₁/ V₂-Ø」type accounting for 48.9% is that to confirm characteristic difference between both Japanese and Korean languages, where the give and take auxiliary verb expression of Japanese language is the case which corresponds to non-expression type in Korea. In Japanese, it expresses a directional nature of every action using the give and take auxiliary verb, while in Korean language; it is neutral in indicating directional nature. Also Korean expression corresponding to give and take auxiliary verb expression in Japanese language is not limited to 「-eo juda」but can be replaced by other auxiliary verb expressions such as 「-eo beorida」「-go malda」「-eo boda」, which showed it is not static compared to Japanese language. Also in 「V₁-temorau」group, unlike 「V₁-teageru」group, 「V₁-tekureru」group, corresponding type was consistent to 100% conversion corresponding type (I-B type). 「V₁-temorau」「V₁-teitadaku」in Japanese language was converted to and correspondent with 「-eo juda/ jusida」not 「V₁-eo badda/ badeusida」in Korean language, where ‘give and take auxiliary verb’ was converted and correspondent, like as 「N(postposition) verb」structure like 「N(eul) juda」「N(eul) badda」, it was structurally converted to and correspondent with 「V₁-auxiliary verb」of 「V₁- temorau」「V₁- teitadaku」in Japanese language. The reason is that the expression of 「-eo badda」「-eo badeusida」completely corresponding to「V₁- temorau」「V₁- teitadaku」in Japanese language does not exist.
Third, findings of passive expression supported the existing research that non-corresponding of 63.9%, that is, passive expression of Japanese language corresponds to active expression of Korean language. On one hand, characteristic point in 36.1% corresponding type is that typical passive expression in Japanese language showed higher tendency of corresponding rate of vocabulary passive expression (Conversion corresponding type) having different expression structure than typical passive expression (complete corresponding type) in Korean language. Japanese sees passive expression is formed by regularly connecting 「-(a)reru」regardless of intransitive and transitive verb, while Korean language sees only some transitive verbs connect to passive suffixes like ‘i∙hi∙ri∙gi’ and passive expression is formed. Likewise, this was understood due to the aspect that typical passive expression in Korean language is limited compared to Japanese language.
，韩语毕业论文，韩语论文 |
