| 1883年成立的法语同盟，其宗旨在于“在殖平易近地和国别传播法语”。它的成立与成长同第三共和国特定的汗青人文前提亲密相干。阅历了1870年普法战斗的掉败，第三共和国成立，新下台的共和党人士急需振奋平易近心，恢复法国的年夜国位置。他们一方面经由过程殖平易近扩大树立法国的殖平易近帝国，另外一方面勉励各类集团流传法国文明。新下台的共和党人，如冈贝塔（Gambetta）和费利（Ferry）宣传法国事高度文明的国度，有义务赞助落伍平易近族退化。他们愿望经由过程文明渗透，异化殖平易近地国民，减缓两边对峙的情况。而在法国国际，地舆协会和贸易地舆协会遍地开花，它们主意将地舆成长成为一项办事于法国对外扩大的学科。1881年，德国地舆学会成立了“德语教授教养协会”，努力于保护和推行德语的运用。不甘落伍的法国地舆协会开端为成立法盟做预备。与此同时，法国方才驯服了突尼斯，急需在该地域推行法语。在这类前提下，法盟应运而生。法盟面向分歧政见、分歧崇奉的各阶级人士。个中，政治人士和教员配合组成了其主力军，它还获得了交际部和公共教导部的支撑。在巴黎，法盟选举了五十人委员会，设立了常驻办公室担任平常事务。皮埃尔·冯森（Pierre Foncin）历久为法盟办事，曾前后担负过秘书长和主席两个职位，是一名对其政策制订有深远作用的人物。在法国境内，法盟成立了宣扬委员会，为对外展开任务召募资金起源；在国外，各地的行为委员会开设收费课程、树立藏书楼、举办讲座，还向开想法语课程的黉舍发放补贴。为了培训法语教员，法语论文范文，法盟还约请优良的学员到巴黎加入“假期课程”。有用的组织情势和办法使得法盟的作用日趋扩展，很快成长成了一个世界性的组织。它的重点区域从地中海、殖平易近地逐步扩大到欧洲和美洲。然则法盟在成长进程中也碰到了一些成绩和内部竞争。资金缺乏、人员老化、定位毛病等在必定水平上阻拦了它的成长。在内部，法语论文，德国、意年夜利及英语国度在推行说话方面也在尽力，在一些地域，如中东、南美洲等地同法国竞争剧烈。 Abstract: In 1883 the establishment of the French Alliance, its purpose lies in the colonies and spread of French country". It was set up and grow with the Third Republic is closely related to specific historical and cultural conditions. Experience the 1870 Franco Prussian War fail, the establishment of the Third Republic, the new step down the Republicans are in urgent need of exciting plain near the heart to restore French big country position. On the one hand, they through the process of colonial nearly expanded set of French colonial near Empire, on the other hand encourage groups all kinds of French civilization spread. The new office of Republicans, such as Ganbeta (Gambetta) and Felle (Ferry). The French propaganda highly civilized country, have the obligation to sponsor the nation behind the degradation. They desire the cultural penetration, alienation colonial national, slow down the confrontation between the two sides. And in the French international, more geographical association and trade geography Association everywhere. Their idea the geographical growth become a service to the French foreign expansion of the subject. In 1881, the German Society and established the "German teaching association", efforts to protect and promote the application of german. The geographical association is not far behind France beginning for the establishment of law union preparation. At the same time, France had tamed Tunisia, in urgent need of the regional implementation of the french. In this context, the Alliance came into being. Method for dissent, union of different faiths each class. Among them, with politicians and staff the main force, it also won the Ministry of communication and public support of the Ministry of education. In Paris, the alliance of fifty people elected Committee, set up a permanent office as usual business. Pierre Feinson (Pierre Foncin) long-term work for European law, once before and after shoulder too secretary and chairman of two position, is a policy formulation has a far-reaching impact on the figures. In France, European law established to promote committee, as a foreign mission recruiting capital origin; in foreign countries, around the action committee opened course fees and establish a library, lecture, also to want to courses in French schools subsidies. In order to French teacher training, the alliance also invited the excellent students to Paris to join the "vacation courses". The form of organization and to make useful influence alliance is expanding quickly, and become a worldwide organization. Key areas of it from the Mediterranean, the colonies gradually expanded to Europe and america. But the alliance during the growth process also encountered some achievements and internal competition. Lack of funds, personnel aging, positioning the wrong blocked its growth to a certain extent. In the interior, Germany, Italy and the English speaking countries in the implementation of the best, in some areas, such as the Middle East, South America and other places with the fierce competition in france. 目录: |
