时光格着眼于表时光的名词性成份与谓词之间的关系,本文以时光格为研究对象,重要剖析古代汉语中时光格的句法语义特点。详细来讲:起首,本文在后人研究基本上分离采取情势和语义的尺度对时光格停止了分类。情势上,时光格分为无标志的、有标志的、准标志的三类;语义上,时光格分为时点成份和时段成份两类。还剖析了时光词和时光构造之间的转化,以为时光构造是时光词的庞杂化构造,时光构造还可以经由过程递归、复合和嵌套来组成新的时光构造。其次,对时光格的句法功效停止了具体的研究。起首是对时光格句法功效做出了定性的剖析,接着在占领年夜量语料的基本上对其句法功效的散布停止了定量剖析,得出时光格句法功效的散布特色。然后,法语论文,分离评论辩论了时光格作状语和补语时的特点。作状语重要考核其语序特点和作状语的前提,作补语分时点和时段来考核补语的前提。以后,对时光格作状语和补语停止比拟剖析,重要剖析数目构造的状/补才能和状补地位上的时光格完句才能。最初,剖析时光格与空间格的句法才能差别并测验考试联合认知说话学中的“容器—内容”意向图式测验考试剖析。最初,联合对外汉语教授教养现实,剖析二语习得中时光格的运用偏误,法语论文题目,对其停止了具体的分类描述,并对偏误涌现的缘由停止了跨说话的剖析。 Abstract: Case time focusing on the relationship between the time of the term of the composition and the predicate table, this paper in case time as the research object, analysis of ancient Chinese case time of syntactic and semantic features. Specifically: first of all, the paper in the later research basically take situation and semantic scale lattice in time to stop the classification. Situation and case time divided into no marks, signs, signs of three categories; semantically, case time sub component of point and time. Also analyses the transformation between time and time structure, that structure in time is the time complexity of the structure, time structure can also via a recursive process, composite and nested to form new time structure. Secondly, the syntactic function of the time frame has been studied. Chapeau is made a qualitative analysis on the efficacy of case time syntax, and then in the occupation of a large number of corpus basically on the syntactic function of spreading stopped the quantitative analysis, that case time syntactic effect of dispersion characteristics. Then, the separation of the comment and debate on the characteristics of the time when the grid as adverbial and complement. As the premise of order characteristics important assessment and adverbial of adverbial, complement the premise divided time point and time interval to assess complement. After the case time as adverbial and complement, comparative analysis, analysis of the number of structure / complement and to fill the position time price to sentence. Initially, analysis of case time and space grid syntactic ability difference and examination combined with cognitive learning to speak in the container "content" intention schema test analysis. Initially, combined with foreign language teaching reality, analysis the application of second language acquisition in case time bias, the stopped the specific classification description and reason of the bias emerging stopped cross talk analysis. 目录: 中文摘要 3-4 ABSTRACT 4 1. 绪论 8-16 1.1 格语法理论和现代汉语时间格 8-10 1.2 时间格探讨综述 10-13 1.3 本文选题缘由及探讨措施 13-14 1.4 本文的语料来源 14 1.5 探讨思路与框架 14-16 2. 时间格的分类 16-24 2.1 形式分类 16-21 2.1.1 无标记的 17-18 2.1.1.1 时间词 17 2.1.1.2 时间结构 17-18 2.1.2 有标记的 18-19 2.1.2.1 介词结构 18 2.1.2.2 方位结构 18-19 2.1.3 准标记的 19 2.1.4 时间成分的复杂化 19-21 2.1.4.1 无标记复杂化 19-20 2.1.4.2 有标记复杂化 20-21 2.2 语义分类 21-24 2.2.1 时点成分 22 2.2.1.1 时点词 22 2.2.1.2 时点结构 22 2.2.2 时段成分 22-24 2.2.2.1 时段词 22-23 2.2.2.2 时段结构 23-24 3. 时间格的句法语义略论 24-55 3.1 功能分布 24-28 3.1.1 句法功能略论 24-25 3.1.2 时间词句法功能分布 25-26 3.1.3 时间结构句法功能分布 26-28 3.1.3.1 时间格作定语略论 27-28 3.2 状语特征略论 28-40 3.2.1 语序分布特征 29-36 3.2.1.1 居主语前/后 30-32 3.2.1.2 常居主语后 32-33 3.2.1.3 常居主语前 33-36 A. 句首化倾向原因略论 33-35 B. 可前置性略论 35-36 3.2.2 作状语的条件 36-40 3.2.2.1 时段词作状语的条件 37-39 A. 短时时段词作状语 37-38 B. 长时、累时时段词作状语 38-39 3.2.2.2 时段义数量结构作状语的条件 39-40 3.2.2.3 —般时间结构作状语的条件 40 3.3 补语特征略论 40-45 3.3.1 时段成分作补语的搭配条件 41-43 3.3.1.1 时段成分作补语现象略论 41-42 3.3.1.2 时段成分作补语条件探宄 42-43 3.3.2 时点成分作补语的条件 43-45 3.3.2.1 表当点—“在/于”字结构 43-44 3.3.2.2 表终点—“到/至”字结构 44-45 3.4 状语和补语功能的比较略论 45-51 3.4.1 时段结构的状/补能力略论 46-49 3.4.1.1 主观量 46-47 3.4.1.2 否定标记 47 3.4.1.3 句末数量结构的可接受度略论 47-48 3.4.1.4 “没/谓词/时段”与“时段/没/谓词”比较略论 48-49 3.4.2 状补位置上的时间格完句能力略论 49-51 3.4.2.1 状位时间格完句能力略论 49-50 3.4.2.2 补位时间格完句能力略论 50-51 3.5 时间格与空间格的句法能力异同及其成因 51-55 3.5.1 句首位置略论 51-53 3.5.2 句末位置略论 53-55 4. 时间格的偏误略论 55-59 4.1 时点、时段使用混淆 55-56 4.2 时间词语内部排列顺序不当 56-57 4.3 时间词语与其他成分语序不当 57-58 4.3.1 作状语位置不当 57 4.3.2 作补语语序不当 57-58 4.4 时间词语与其他时态成分表时不一致 58-59 5. 结语 59-61 参考文献 61-65 后记 65-66 |