| 自Kamp(1981)和Heim(1982)提出三分构造的实际，全称量词“every”和“每”一向是人们存眷的热门。本文经由过程体系地描写，说明和比拟英语中的“every /名词”和汉语中的“每/名词”的句法散布，辖域解读，允准前提和语义性质来提醒他们的雷同点和差异点。本文得出的结论以下一方面这两类名词存在雷同点。起首，“every”和“每”分歧于其它全称量词如all/一切，前面不克不及直接接论元如弗成数名词或光杆单数名词。其次他们都不克不及涌现在存现句，由于强名词不克不及接收存在量化。另外在主语地位，宾语地位，或庞杂名词短语中，固然算子“every”和“每”可以触发逐指解读，然则作为简略句宾语的“every/名词”和“每/名词”在某些具有再素性特点的谓词或算子“都”的作用下也能够表达统指概念。别的，作为全称分派量词，“every/名词”和“每/名词”会触及到一个斯科林函数。此函数请求在“every”或“每”的统制规模内存在一个辞汇或形状上允准的变量，这个变量可以由三种措施引出无命名词，反身代词，英语时态算子或算子“都”。另外一方面他们也出现出分歧特点。第一，它们的外部构造存在差别。对于“every /名词”，“every”前面可以直接跟双数可数名词或数词；然则在“每/名词”中“每”和名词之间必需拔出量词。这是由于英语中的“every /名词”能充任谓词，所以能被盘算，而汉语中名词只能充任论元而不克不及作谓词，量词的感化是计数或统计最小单位。第二，由于汉语遵守同构准绳，法语论文范文，在没有“都”的情形下“每/名词”不会发生辖域歧义。“Every /名词”的辖域解读绝对庞杂，除后人研究中提到的辖域歧义，法语毕业论文，本文发明充任直接宾语的“every /名词”绝对直接宾语来讲会占窄域，然则在类指算子涌现的情形下会发生虚幻的宽域。第三，汉语中“每”常常和“都”共现，虽然算子“都”可以经由过程引出隐性事宜论元来允准“每/(一)/ CL /名词”或转变句子中“每/(一)/ CL /名词”的辖域关系，但它却不克不及和“每/数词/ CL /名词”相容，由于当数词年夜于1时，此构造是不肯定的。从这两类全称量词短语的比较研究中，我们看到句法和语义是互相感化的。单一的句法或语义门路都不克不及说明“every /名词”和“每/名词”的允准语境和允准前提。 Abstract: Since Kamp (1981) and Heim (1982) proposed three points of the actual construction, the full name of the word "every" and "every" has always been the concern of the people. In this paper, through the process of system description, explanation and comparison in English "every / noun" and Chinese "Mei / noun" syntactic distribution, scope interpretation, this premise and semantic properties to remind them of the similarities and differences. This paper draws the conclusion that there are some similarities in these two categories of nouns. First, the "every" and "every" different from the other universal measure words, such as all/, in front of the argument can not be directly used as a noun or a noun. Secondly, it is less than they come due to the strong existential sentences, noun cannot receive existential quantification. In addition the status of the object in the subject position, or complex noun phrases, while the operator "every" and "each" can be triggered by the interpretation, but as a simple sentence "every/ noun object" and "Mei / noun" in some has influence characteristics of predicate or operator "primality" can express refer to the concept of. The other, as the distribution of quantifiers, "every/ NP" and "Mei / noun" will touch a schollin function. This function at the request of "every" or "every" control the size of memory in a glossary or shape to the variable, the variable can be composed of three kinds of method leads to life without a noun, reflexive, operator or operator "of English tense". On the other hand, they also have different characteristics. First, there is a difference in their external structure. On the "every / noun", "every" in front of the dual can directly with countable nouns or numerals; but in "Mei / noun" in "every" and must pull out the quantifier noun. This is because the English "every / noun" can act as predicate, and so can be calculated, and the noun in Chinese language can only serve as an argument and not as predicate, quantifier function is the smallest unit of counting or statistics. Second, since Chinese comply with the principle of isomorphism, in the absence of "all" of the case, "each / noun" will not occur under the jurisdiction of the. Scope reading of "Every / NP" absolute complex, except Scope Ambiguity in the study mentioned later, as the direct object of the invention of "every / noun" absolute direct object will take narrow scope, but the category refers to the wide area will occur unreal emerging situation operator. Third, Chinese "Mei" and "often" co-occurrence, although operators "are" through the process of implicit argument to licensing matters leads to "every / (a) / CL / noun" or change sentence "every / (a) / domain CL / noun", but it is cannot and every / CL / numeral / noun "compatible, because if the number is greater than 1, this structure is not sure. From the comparative study of the two categories of word "word", we see that syntax and semantics are mutually influence. This context and premise to syntactic or semantic connections are not single "every / NP" and "Mei / noun". 目录: |
