| 文艺中兴和宗教改造活动使得觉醒于中世纪宗教神学的感性得以觉悟。假如说文艺中兴和宗教改造只是使感性觉悟的话，那末真正建立感性威望的是17世纪的迷信反动和哲学反动。迷信反动为否决宗教和教会供给了迷信兵器，哲学反动为否决封建独裁和贵族特权供给了思惟基本。一切这些都为发蒙活动的产生摊平了进步的年夜道。在18世纪的法国，面临封建独裁和宗教专制，法国的发蒙思惟家们恰是运用天然迷信武装起来的感性兵器，驰骋于坦荡的天然边境，激烈地摧毁着宗教神学，停止着一场迷信和宗教的年夜决战。18世纪是感性主义思潮风行的时期，人的感性是断定一切事物存在的公道性的独一尺度，对于任何事物的常识都必需接收感性法庭的审讯。法国的发蒙思惟家们在感性法庭上，对包含教会、圣经和一切以宗教狂热和科学为特点的天启宗教无一破例地停止了无情的批评。同时在宗教批评中逐步构成了法国式的天然神论。然则，因为天然神论本身存在着缺点，法国发蒙思惟家们不能不寻觅增援力气，或与基督教让步折衷，或执着寻求迷信感性，法语论文题目，或转向乞助于品德情绪，在尔后感性和他的助手们结伴而行，在法国发明出一个多元宗教崇奉情势的局势。发蒙时代法国宗教思惟的构成与18世纪天然概念有着慎密的关系。发蒙思惟家们对天然与天主的分歧懂得终究招致了分歧宗教思惟的构成。发蒙时代法国的宗教思惟并不是一种完整新的崇奉取代完整旧的崇奉，与其说发蒙时代法国的宗教思惟是一种轮廓光鲜的、已完成了的固定情势，倒不如说是一个朝各个偏向产生作用的力气。准确懂得感性与崇奉、世俗与神圣的关系，法语论文范文，我们能力准确懂得发蒙时代法国甚至全部发蒙时期的宗教思惟。 Abstract: The revival of literature and religion and the awakening of the religious theology in the middle ages. If the Renaissance and religious reform is just to make sense of the words, then the real establishment of the emotional prestige is the seventeenth Century superstition and reactionary philosophy. Superstition and reaction to reject religion and the church provided a scientific weapon, the philosophical reaction was to reject the feudal autocracy and aristocratic privilege to supply the basic idea of thinking. All these are fameng activities produce paving the road of progress. In France in the 18th century, facing the feudal dictatorship and religious despotism, French Enlightenment thinkers is precisely the application of natural science armed perceptual weapon, gallops in the magnanimous natural border, fierce destroying religious theology, stop a religious superstition and the eve of the battle. Eighteenth Century is the period of the popularity of the ideological trend of thought, people's perception is the only measure of the existence of all things, the common sense of all things must receive the trial of the emotional court. French Enlightenment thinkers in the perceptual court, which consists of the church, the Bible and all by religious fanaticism and scientific characteristics of apocalyptic religious without exception to stop the relentless criticism. At the same time, gradually formed the French natural theism in religious criticism. However, because natural theism itself shortcomings, French Enlightenment thinkers can't not seeking additional strength, or with the Christian compromise, or single-minded pursuit of scientific rationality, or turn to begging in moral emotion in thereafter sensibility and his aides accompanies, in France invented a multi religious belief situation situation. In eighteenth Century the French constitution and religious thought of the Enlightenment era natural concept has a close relationship. Enlightenment thinkers constitute differences on natural and God knows it from different religious thoughts. The enlightenment age France's religious thought and is not a complete new beliefs replace complete old beliefs and religious thought of the French Enlightenment era, is a contour bright, has completed the fixed regime, rather than a toward each bias impact strength is. Accurately understand perception and beliefs, secular and sacred relationship, our ability to accurately understand the enlightenment age France or even all of the age of enlightenment religious thought. 目录: 摘要 5-6 Abstract 6 引言 8-13 第一章 启蒙时期法国宗教思想产生的背景 13-20 1.1 理性的觉醒 13-15 1.2 科学的推动 15-17 1.3 宗教的刺激 17-20 第二章 启蒙思想家和自然神论 20-29 2.1 启蒙思想家对宗教的批判 20-23 2.2 法国的自然神论思想 23-27 2.3 自然神论的缺陷 27-29 第三章 启蒙思想家宗教思想的异同 29-39 3.1 伏尔泰的人格神论 29-33 3.2 狄德罗的无神论 33-36 3.3 卢梭的天良神论 36-39 第四章 对启蒙时期法国宗教思想的认识和思考 39-48 4.1 法国宗教思想的成因 39-41 4.2 法国宗教思想的作用 41-44 4.3 法国宗教思想的启示 44-48 结语 48-49 参考文献 49-51 致谢 51-52 附录(攻读硕士期间公开发表的论文) 52 |
