| 委任统治轨制是国际同盟对一战战胜国所属国土成绩的处理计划。法国在中东地域(重要集中在叙利亚与黎巴嫩两国)的委任统治(1920-1946年)对本地的政治、经济、平易近族宗教关系及文明等发生了主要作用,并揭开了叙利亚和黎巴嫩古代汗青的第一页。本文以法国在叙利亚、黎巴嫩委任统治的汗青过程为主线,摸索委任统治轨制确立的配景、本质、政策特点及对委任统治地的作用。委任统治切实其实平面现了一战后英法在中东好处的争取,其本质是两国海内殖平易近抢夺的延续。在对委任统治地的治理中,法国采用了总督制的直接统治措施,经由过程“分而治之”的平易近族决裂政策,将本来同一的年夜叙利亚地域朋分为互相自力的行政区域,并睁开了以资本牟取、本钱植入为主的殖平易近经济抢夺。同时,法国重视采取文明殖平易近的措施造就委任统治地国民的异化认识。法国的委任统治,打破了本地封建传统的社会构造,必定水平上安慰了叙、黎两国古代性的萌发。从政治上看,法国在叙、黎树立的议会平易近主制政体奠基了两国自力之初的政治形状。从平易近族关系上讲,法国的“分而治之”,加重了叙、黎的平易近族决裂和宗教抵触,使本来软弱的社会构造更趋庞杂,障碍了古代化成长的方法。从经济上看,法国并没有搀扶本地树立古代工业基本,也未转变其经济成长形式,反而使叙利亚地域堕入历久的贫苦与落伍。从文明上看,东方文明思潮的输出,安慰了叙、黎两国古代政治思潮的成长,平易近族主义者开端摸索平易近族自力、同一与平易近主的途径。整体看来,法国的委任统治客不雅上开启了叙利亚与黎巴嫩的古代化之路,但随之而来的古代性其实不完整顺应本地传统的社会基本,形成了叙、黎社会的连续动乱和古代化过程的多重窘境。 Abstract: Appointment of the ruling system is an international alliance for the war against the country belongs to the land and achievements of the processing plan. France in the Middle East region (an important focus in Syria and Lebanon) mandate (1920-1946) main influence on the local political, economic, and plain ethnic religion and civilization, and opened the first page of the history of ancient Syria and Lebanon. In this paper, the history of the French in Syria, Lebanon, the history of the rule of the main line, to explore the establishment of the ruling system of the king, the nature of the policy characteristics and the impact on the appointment of the ruling. Mandate indeed plane at a post-war Britain and France in the Middle East markets for, its essence is both domestic colonizing snatch the continuation of. In the administrative area of mandate of governance, France adopted the governor of direct rule by the method, through the process of "divide and rule" plain near family break policy, will have a with a large Syrian regional friends divided into independent of each other, and opened in order to seek capital and the money implantation mainly by the colonial past economic plunder. At the same time, France attaches great importance to the alienation of the people who have made the appointment of the ruling people. French mandate, broke the traditional social structure of the feudal tradition, to the level of comfort in Syria, Lebanon and the ancient nature of the germination. From a political perspective, the French in Syria, Li Shuli's parliamentary democratic system of government laid the foundation of the political shape of the beginning of the two countries. From the perspective of ethnic relations, the French "divide and conquer", adding to the Syrian and Lebanese peoples break and religious conflict, make originally weak social structure hastens complex, obstacles to the ancient growth measures. From the point of view of economy, France has not helped the local set up a modern industrial basic, also did not change the economic growth form. On the contrary, the Syrian region falling long-term poor and backward. From the perspective of civilization, the output of the eastern civilization thought and the development of the ancient political thought of Syria and Lebanon, the people began to explore the way of the national independence, the same and the people. Overall, indecent French mandate guest opened the road of ancient Syria and Lebanon, but followed ancient in fact not complete adaptation of traditional local social basic form the multiple predicament of Syria, the Lebanese society of continuous unrest and modernization process. 目录: 中文摘要 3-4 Abstract 4 目录 5-7 绪论 7-13 一、探讨意义 7-8 二、探讨近况 8-11 (一) 国内探讨近况 8-10 (二) 国外探讨近况 10-11 三、探讨思路、措施与创新点 11-13 第一章 法国在叙利亚、黎巴嫩委任统治的背景 13-23 第一节 委任统治前法国在叙、黎两地的利益与战略选择 13-17 一、法国对叙利亚与黎巴嫩的早期渗透 13-14 二、19世纪末20世纪初法国在中东的战略选择 14-16 三、一战期间英法在中东的争夺与军事占领 16-17 第二节 国际联盟的“委任统治”制度 17-23 一、英法在中东“委任统治”范围的划定 17-19 二、国际联盟委任统治方案的出台 19-20 三、对国际联盟“委任统治”的评价 20-23 第二章 法国在叙利亚、黎巴嫩的委任统治政策 23-37 第一节 法国在中东委任统治的历史进程 23-25 第二节 法国在叙利亚、黎巴嫩的委任统治政策 25-32 一、政治统治政策 25-27 二、民族宗教政策 27-30 三、经济管制政策 30-31 四、文化教育政策 31-32 第三节 法国在中东委任统治的特点 32-37 一、叙、黎两地相同统治策略带来不同效果 32-34 二、法国海外殖民地管理体制的延续 34-35 三、注重文化渗透，培养归化意识 35-37 第三章 法国在叙利亚、黎巴嫩委任统治的作用 37-48 第一节 政治现代化的艰难起步与隐患 37-41 一、叙利亚现代政治的萌芽与殖民遗产 37-39 二、黎巴嫩的教派分权政体与潜在矛盾 39-41 第二节 传统社会结构的动荡与经济裂变 41-44 一、传统社会结构的动摇 41-42 二、经济发展模式的裂变 42-44 第三节 叙利亚与黎巴嫩的民族主义思潮与实践 44-48 一、阿拉伯民族主义思潮与政治实践 45-46 二、阿拉伯复兴社会主义思潮与政治实践 46-48 结语 48-51 参考文献 51-57 攻读硕士学位期间取得的科研成果 57-58 致谢 58 |
