| 在以“不列颠治下的战争”而著称的19世纪，法国和美国这两个国度的出现出相反的成长轨迹。这天然有多方面的身分，但两个国度的国际政治明显是弗成低估的主要缘由。19世纪的法国思惟家亚力克斯·德·托克维尔的作品正好可以赞助我们从国际政治的角度懂得活着界权利比赛场中，法国逐步由中间而边沿，而美国能由边沿而中间的缘由。托克维尔生涯在一个“平易近主正满帆进步”的时期，他终生在理论上为法国的政治前程左冲右突，在价值上为自在殚智竭力，折衷平易近主(对等)与自在是贯串其政治生活和作品的独一主线。在其年夜量的作品中，1835年的论美国的平易近主重要商量了以美国为典范的无阶层社会的完善的平易近主；1840年的论美国的平易近主则重要商量了出生于反动的不完善的平易近主(欧洲特别是法国)，而该书的最初部门对于平易近主的中心集权(极端情势是平易近主的虐政)的风险的忧愁在后来的回想录(1893年首版)、旧轨制与年夜反动(1856年首版)中成为评论辩论的主题。作者试图以时光为经、作品为纬尽量周全地引见托克维尔的思惟和东方对托克维尔的研究，并在力所能及的规模内做些评论。为此，本文分六章，第一章将扼要引见托克维尔的家庭、教导实时代配景，它们对托克维尔尔后的平生都发生了弗成疏忽的作用；第2、三章将重要商量他的第一个主题(美国)“平易近主”，阐释他的第一部主要作品论美国的平易近主，触及他对美公民主理论的解析和以此为基本的笼统的平易近主办论的升华；第4、五章将重要商量他的第二个主题(法国)“反动”，阐释他的回想录和旧轨制与年夜反动，剖析自法国年夜反动以来法国绵延赓续的反动和平易近主的窘境，追溯法国反动的泉源并试图找出法公民主举步唯艰的缘由；第六章将重要引见托克维尔研究的汗青和现状和托克维尔思惟的源流。总之，托克维尔试图注解平易近主时期的中间课题是在迈向对等的同时保全自在，法语论文，法语论文，不然平易近主也面对堕入独裁的风险，独一的化解之道是自在一作为小我和作为国民的自在。别的，经由过程对托克维尔对于近代东方汗青的两年夜巨大主题一美公民主和法国反动一的评述，作者也愿望能有益于我们从国际政治的角度懂得活着界权利格式中美国和法国这两个国度在19世纪位置渐渐翻转的缘由。 Abstract: Known for by the British Raj war "in the 19th century, France and the United States, the two countries appears instead of the growth trajectory. This natural has many aspects of identity, but the international politics of the two countries is obviously the main reason for the underestimated. Works of 19th century French thinker Alex de Tockville just can sponsor us from the perspective of international political know right live game field, France gradually by the middle and edge, while the United States by the edge and in the middle of the reason. Tocqueville's career in a "democracy is under full sail progress" period, he lifetime in theory for France's political career left rushed suddenly to the right, the value for free Danzhijieli, eclectic plain near main (peer to peer) and freedom is permeated his political life and writings of a single thread. Later in the sorrow of the tyranny in the large amount of work, in 1835, the United States of the plain near the main "is important to discuss with the United States as a model of social class perfect plain near the main; 1840" on the plain near the main "is important to discuss the was born in reactionary imperfect plain near the main (Europe especially France), and the book of the original departments on the plain near the main centralized (extreme situation is plain near the main risk of the memoir" (1893 First Edition), the old rail system and the eve of the revolution "(1856 First Edition) in a comment debate on the subject. The author tries to take the time as the classics, the book is as far as possible in order to introduce Tocqueville's thinking and the east to Tocqueville's research, and make some comments in the scale of its ability. Therefore, this paper is divided into six chapters, the first chapter will briefly introduce Tocqueville's family to teach, real time background, the life of Tok Weil M Go was put into neglect the influence; second, the three chapter will discuss his first important theme (US) "democratic", interpretation of his first major works "theory American democracy", he touched on analysis of American democracy theory and the basic theory of the general people to host the fourth and five chapter will sublimate; discuss his second important themes (France) "reactionary", explaining his "memoirs" and "old system and revolution". The analysis from the French Revolution since France stretches continuously reactionary and democratic dilemma, traces the French Revolution and tries to find out the reason of public law: democracy difficult; the sixth chapter will introduce the important Tuokewei The history and current situation of the research and the origin and development of Tok Weil Faith Wi. In brief, Tocqueville tried to annotations plain near the main period of central subject is in towards equivalence and preservation of freedom, or plain near the main face fall into dictatorship of the risk, only resolve is comfortable as a person and as a free people. In addition, through to the Tocqueville on modern oriental history of two of the eve of the great theme of a U. S. public democracy and the French Revolution of narration, the author also wishes to beneficial to us from the perspective of international political know alive bound right format in the United States and France the two countries in the position of the 19th century, gradually turning the reason. 目录: |
