隐喻是语言中的一种典型现象。认知语言学认为,隐喻不仅仅是一种修辞措施,更是一种认知世界的方式。在人们的认知过程中,“空间关系”占有基础性地位,客观世界的空间关系通过人能动的认知活动,形成概念化的空间关系,进而体现在语言中,形成语言中的空间关系。在这个过程中,就形成了一系列的空间隐喻。空间关系词汇“上--下”、“前--后”、“左--右”在语言空间中就具有了丰富的隐喻意义,人们用它们来描述时间、数量、社会关系和价值评判,由此形成了相对应的时间的空间隐喻、数量概念的空间隐喻、社会关系的空间隐喻和价值评判的空间隐喻。其中,最能直接表达人的心智观念的便是价值评判的空间隐喻,它是人类关于客观事物的主观评价,是人类内心活动的最外在的语言表现。本文结合认知语言学的相关知识,将探讨视角定在俄汉语中空间方位词“上--下”、“前--后”、“左--右”所表达的价值评判的空间隐喻的对比探讨上,希望可以进一步加深人们对俄汉语中表价值评判的空间隐喻的共性和异同的认识。全文主要由绪论、正文、结论三个部分组成:绪论。包括本论文的探讨目的与意义,探讨对象与内容,国内外探讨近况。正文主要由四章构成。第一章:介绍认知语言学中的隐喻的概念和本质。第二章:阐释空间隐喻的概念、本质,并将空间隐喻分类,引出价值评判的空间隐喻概念。第三章:对俄汉语中表示“上--下”、“前--后”、“左--右”三个维度的价值评判的空间隐喻进行对比探讨,主要从表达方式和语义特点两个方面进行对比,找出其中的共性和异同。第四章:依据第三章对俄汉语中三个维度的价值评判的空间隐喻的对比结果,从地域特点、宗教信仰、民族性格和思维方式四个方面入手略论俄汉语价值评判的空间隐喻之差异的民族文化根源。最后是结论部分。对整个论文进行总结和概括。
Metaphor is a very common phenomenon which plays a rather important role in people’s lives. Cognitive linguistics believes that metaphor is not only a rhetorical device but also acts as a means to understand the world. During the process of cognition, spatial relationship is the basis. Through human beings’cognitive activities, the spatial relationship in objective world will become conceptualized and is consequently reflected in language forming the spatial relationship in it. In this process, there appear a lot of spatial metaphors. The words involving spatial relationship such as“up-down”“before-after”“left-right”are thus endowed with abundant metaphorical meanings. People use them to describe time, number, social relationship and value judgment, thus form different spatial metaphors concerning time, number, social relationship and value judgment respectively in language. Among these spatial metaphors, the one that can most directly express people’s mind is the spatial metaphor involving value judgment since it is the expression of people’s evaluation of the objective world and the extrinsic manifestation of people’s interior world.Referring to the theories both in cognitive linguistics and cultural linguistics, this paper will focus on the comparison between the spatial metaphors concerning value judgment in Russian and those in Chinese reflected through using words like“up-down”“before-after”“left-right”, hoping to deepen people’s understanding the similarities and differences between Russian and Chinese in using spatial metaphors to express value judgment.The whole paper will be divided into four chapters:The first chapter: introduction, explaining the purpose, significance, object and content of this research. Besides, the current research results at home and abroad will also be introduced.The second chapter will focus on the introduction to concept and essence of metaphor from the following three aspects, namely rhetoric, cultural linguistics and cognitive linguistic The third chapter will illustrate the concept, essence and classification of spatial metaphor and give the definition of the spatial metaphor concerning value judgment.The fourth chapter is one of the most important parts of this paper. It will concentrate on the comparison between the usages of three groups of spatial words“up-down”“before-after”“left-right”in Russian and Chinese from the perspectives of expressive manner and semantic features, trying to find out both the similarities and differences between them.The fifth chapter is another important part of this paper. According to the conclusion drawn in the fourth chapter, this part tries to trace the root causes of the similarities and differences between the usage of spatial metaphor concerning value judgment in Russian and that in Chinese from four aspects, namely territory feature, religious belief, national character and mode of thinking with the theories of national culture. ，俄语论文，俄语论文网站 |
