| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，俄语毕业论文，俄语论文网站，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 美俄两都城以“天主的神圣选平易近”和“阴郁世界的解救者”自居,当这两个白命非凡的年夜国在美洲和亚洲棋盘上相向而立,或将誓不两立、或将各执己见、或将称兄道弟。依照亚历山年夜·温特的国际系统建构主义,国际无当局状况下国度广泛将彼此视为仇敌、竞争敌手或同伙,分离代表霍布斯、洛克或康德文明。1881年之前,美国仅与俄国树立了绝对耐久的汗青友情。但这类礼尚往来式的同伙关系基于康德文明的第二种共有不雅念,即两国将友情作为获得自我好处的计谋和对象。1881年以后,美国各界的主导言论对沙俄当局、国民和教会的立场逐步产生改变,偏重建了俄国的意味抽象,使其从“基督教流传前锋”变成“亟待美国解救的基督教异端”。其缘由有四：一是1881年沙皇亚历山年夜二世遇刺,美国社会针对他是束缚者照样专制者睁开论争,两边力气此消彼长,但各自对独裁沙俄和保守平易近粹派的批评谈吐逐步作用了美国人的俄国印象；二是俄国随之涌现排犹海潮,激起美国全社会的抗议；三是俄国马克思主义代替平易近粹主义的趋向与美国工人活动鞭长莫及,惹起了美国的警醒；四是美俄在远东日趋演化为洛克文明中的竞争敌手关系。但仅从实际主义和自在主义国际关系实际强调的国度权利、好处等角度剖析,易于说明美国重建俄国意味抽象的缘由和成果,却较难出现出美国社会各界改变对俄立场的进程。国际关系建构主义剖析办法恰能填补这类缺憾。其流派以温特的国际系统建构主义和尼古拉斯·奥努弗代表的说话建构主义为主,分离强调了社会共有不雅念和说话对国际关系的建构感化。综合两派的结果审阅本文将得出三点结论。第一,美国世界身份的变更决议了其对俄意味抽象的建构。美国以其国际位置及在基督教精力世界中的首脑身份为标准,建构了两种俄国抽象。第二,共有不雅念对美俄国际身份与意味抽象的构成起到了建构感化。从殖平易近地到自力、同一,再到全美洲、全球的年夜国,美国国民整体上逐步接收了对外扩大能保证国际自在的不雅念；因此开端对美国在亚太的“拦路熊”俄国横目相视。第三,说话、图象等意味性符号是共有不雅念建构美俄身份的载体。共有不雅念是有形无声的笼统性思想,须要意味性说话、图象等符号来表达、流传。经由过程清教徒的“任务不雅”、年夜陆扩大派的“天天命运”论和海内扩大派的新“天天命运”论等意味性说话,美国国民广泛构成了美利坚平易近族是天主特别选平易近的共有不雅念。以美国身份为标杆,1881年之前俄国事协助美国完成任务的副手；1881至1904年间,美国记者乔治·凯南、“争夺俄国自在的美国友人社团”、国会议员、西奥多·罗斯福总统等描绘了社会须要改革、生涯须要支援、平易近众须要教化、崇奉须要污染的俄国抽象,同时陪衬出美国活着界中的特别感化。 Abstract: The United States and Russia both to "God's divine voters near" and "gloomy world liberator" itself, when the two extraordinary life white big country in the Americas and Asia board standing opposite, or will irreconcilable, or will be divisive, or will be very intimate. In accordance with the Alessandra Winter of the international system of constructivism, international authorities in countries consider each other as an enemy, competitor or partner, separation on behalf of Hobbes, Locke and Kant's civilization. Prior to 1881, the United States and Russia have established an absolute lasting friendship. But this kind of reciprocity associates relations based on Kant's civilization of the second total indecent read, that is, the two countries will friendship as a way of obtaining the benefits of self counsel and object. After 1881, from all walks of life in the United States leading speech of Russian authorities, the church and the national position gradually change, emphasis on building the Russian Abstract means, from the "Christianity spread forward" into "to be America save Christian heresy". The reason there are four: first, 1881, Tsar Alexander II was assassinated, American Society for he is bound still autocratic open debate, strength on both sides of the shift, but their authoritarian Russia and conservative plain near the Nazi faction criticism speech gradually affected the American Russian impressions; second, Russia emerged anti Semitic tide, sparking protests in American society as a whole; the third is the Russian Marxism instead of plain near the pure doctrine trend and American workers activities beyond the reach, which has aroused the vigilance, Russia in the far east gradually evolved into Locke civilization competitor relationship. But only from the realism and liberalism of international relations really highlights the country rights and benefits as well as the angle analysis, is easy to explain to rebuild America Russia means abstraction of cause and effect, but more difficult to appear out of American society from all walks of life to change the process of the Russian stance. The analytical method of the constructivism of international relations can fill this kind of defect. The genre to winter, the system construction of doctrine and Nicholas Onuf representatives to speak of Constructivism Based, separation emphasized the social total indecent read and speak construction effect on international relations. This paper will review the synthesis results to draw three conclusions. First, the change of the United States of the world to determine the resolution of the Russian meaning of the construction of the abstract. The United States with its international position and energy in the world leaders in the Christian identity as the standard, construct two Russia abstract. Second, there are the concept of forming abstract of the United States and Russia international identity and meaning to the construction of probation. From the colonial near to the independent, the same, to the north, central and South America, the world's largest country, Americans as a whole gradually received foreign expansion can guarantee the free thinking; therefore start to the United States in the Asia Pacific Highway bear "Russian cross eye mutually see. Third, speech, image and other means of symbols is a total concept of the identity of the Russian carrier construction. There is the concept of tangible silent general thought, to speak, means of image symbols and spread. Through the process of the Puritan "indecent", the land of the eve of the expanding pie "everyday life" theory and the domestic expansion of new every day the fate of other means to speak, the United States National widely constitute the United plain near family is Catholic special voters were indecent read. To the identity of the United States as a benchmark, in 1881 before the Russian state assist us to complete the task of deputy; 1881 to 1904, George Kennan, an American journalist, "for free Russian American friends of the community", members of Congress, Theodore Roosevelt and depicts the society needs reform, career needs support, peoples need education, pollution beliefs in need of Russian abstract and foil the alive in the special effect. 目录: |
