| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 1918年1月5日，既是全俄立宪会议召开的日子，同时也是全俄立宪会议闭幕的日子。立宪会议在揭幕不满一天就被苏维埃政权闭幕，而停止了长久的政治性命。立宪会议在俄国的政治生涯中并没有施展其应有的感化，然则它对于1917年俄国反动过程却有侧重年夜的作用。1917年二月反动颠覆君主独裁轨制后，俄国社会各政党杀青了共鸣，试图经由过程立宪会议来处理国度轨制、政权情势、地盘、战争等急切成绩。立宪会议成为一个作用俄国反动过程和俄国国度成长严重而又急切的实际成绩。十月反动前后布尔什维克对峙宪会议的立场从积极主意到完全否认，这一立场的改变有其实际的政治缘由，也与其时俄罗斯反动和战斗的特别情况有关。全俄立宪会议在俄罗斯的掉败只是一个个体事宜。在分歧的国度和地域，立宪会议的命运有分歧的表示和终局，然则都有一个配合点，那就是与传统风俗和独裁轨制产生反抗和抵触。立宪会议是俄国汗青的转机点，固然立宪会议掉败了，但它预示着俄罗斯平易近主制的将来，为俄罗斯平易近主途径的成长供给了自创。除媒介和停止语之外，本文共分四部门。第一部门：立宪会议思惟的来源。重要阐述立宪会议思惟发生的配景和与二月反动的关系。立宪会议的思惟来源于法国年夜反动，在19世纪立宪会议思惟渗透到俄国反动的政治不雅点，而且20世纪初在平易近主常识份子中获得流传。二月反动后召开立宪会议是众望所归，立宪会议与其时俄国的地盘、战争成绩一样主要，都是国民急切等待处理的成绩。俄国的各政党都不否决立宪会议的召开，争辩的只是立宪会议召开的机会，由于召开立宪会议就意味着国度严重事务到了必需要处理的症结时辰。第二部门：二月反动后俄国各政党对峙宪会议的立场。从1917年2月到10月，俄国社会构造是极端庞杂的，具有特别性。在立宪平易近主党人的引导下，自在主义者、平和的社会主义者、社会反动党人、孟什维克与布尔什维克结成了同盟。各政党之间互相协作确立了配合的反动目的，即颠覆沙皇独裁轨制。是以，俄国各重要政党都修正了纲要，转变了本身的计谋和战略，使之顺应于新的前提和情况。第三部门：立宪会议召开前的预备。要在俄国广袤的地区和浩瀚的生齿中，召开全平易近的、对等的、直接的和不记名投票的立宪会议选举是一件异常庞杂的工作。是以在立宪会议召开前有许多工作要预备，好比编写选平易近名册、制订选举法、限制选举人年纪资历等成绩。第四部门：立宪会议的召开与闭幕。布尔什维克在十月反动前后对峙宪会议采用了判然不同的立场，被卢森堡称为使人困惑不解的改变。布尔什维克在牟取政权的进程中对峙宪会议的召开是支撑和确定的，重要是为了争夺国民大众的支撑、扩展本身的社会基本，然则立宪会议的选举成果让布尔什维克难以接收，所以闭幕立宪会议对于布尔什维克来讲是符合逻辑的，由于布尔什维克牟取政权的目标不是为了把它交给立宪会议或暂时当局，而是想本身掌权。立宪会议闭幕后的直接作用就是招致俄国的内战，从而也使俄国损失多党政治成长的能够性。停止语：重要论述立宪会议闭幕的缘由及其对俄罗斯平易近主途径的作用。因为其时俄国处在战斗和反动的特别前提下，俄语论文网站，也因为俄国汗青途径的奇特性，作用立宪会议命运的身分除政治身分外，也有思惟认识上的本源，而其时俄国社会构造和居平易近政治文明本质也作用了立宪会议的命运。立宪会议召开息争散的汗青证实，俄国通往平易近主政治变更的途径是艰苦的，对俄罗斯来讲立宪会议是一次平易近主政治的测验考试。研究立宪会议有助于我们剖析现代俄罗斯政治的实际状态。 Abstract: January 5, 1918, the day of the full Russian constitutional convention, but also the closing day of the whole Russian constitutional convention. The constitutional convention, which was unveiled on the day of the opening, was closed by the Soviet regime, which has stopped the long political life. Constitutional meeting in Russia's political career and did not play its due role, but it has a great impact on the 1917 Russian reaction process. After the 1917 February subversive autocratic monarchy system, Russian social political parties fixing the resonance, trying to through the process of constitutional convention to deal with country rail system, political situation, construction sites, the war eagerly awaiting results. The constitutional convention became an actual result of the influence of the Russian Revolution and the growth of the Russian state. The change in the position of Bull J Vic's confrontation with the constitution of the meeting of the October revolution has completely denied that the change of the position has its practical political reasons, and it is also related to the special circumstances of the Russian Revolution and the war. The whole Russian constitutional conference in Russia's failure is only an individual matter. In different countries and regions, the fate of the constitutional convention has different means of expression and final, but all have a point, that is, with the traditional customs and dictatorship system to produce resistance and conflict. The constitutional convention is a turning point in the history of Russia, although the constitutional convention has failed, but it is a future of the Russian democratic system, and provides a reference for the development of the Russian people. In addition to the media and the stop language, this paper is divided into four departments. The first part: the origin of the idea of constitutional conference. The importance of the Constitutional Convention and the relationship between the background and the February revolution. The idea of Constitutional Convention comes from the French Revolution, and in the nineteenth Century constitutional convention, the political views of the Russian Revolution, and in the beginning of the twentieth Century, were circulated among the common people. February Revolution held after the constitutional convention is welcomed, constitutional convention and achievement of Russian territory, the war is as important are national eagerly awaiting treatment results. Russia's political parties do not reject the convening of the constitutional convention, arguing that the constitutional convention was held, because the convening of a constitutional convention means that the country's serious business to the need to deal with the crux of the matter. The second sector: the position of the political parties in Russia after the February revolution. From February 1917 to October, the Russian social structure is extremely complex, with a special nature. Under the guidance of the constitutional democratic party, the socialist party, the socialist party, the social revolution party, Munshi Vic and Bull J Vic formed a coalition. The mutual cooperation between the various political parties to establish the reactionary purposes, that is to overthrow the dictatorship of the system. The important political parties in Russia have revised the outline and changed its strategy and strategy, so that it can be adapted to the new premises and conditions. The third sector: preparation before the constitutional convention. To in Russia's vast area and vast population, held the whole plain near, equal, direct and anonymous voting for the election of the constituent assembly is a very complicated work. It is to have a lot of work to be prepared before the constitutional convention, such as the preparation of the electoral law, the development of electoral law, limit the age of the electoral college and other achievements. Fourth departments: the convening and closing of the constitutional convention. Bolshevik before and after the October Revolution confrontation constitutional convention adopted quite a different position, by the Luxembourg said in order to change the people puzzled. The Bolsheviks in seek regime in the process of confrontation between the constitutional conference was held support and determine the, it is important to compete for the national public support and expansion of society itself, however the constituent assembly election results let the Bolsheviks to accept, so closing the constitutional conference about the Bolshevik is logical, because the Bolsheviks to seek regime's goal is not to give it to the constitutional convention or temporary authorities, but to itself in power. The direct impact of the Constitutional Convention after the closing of the meeting is to lead to the Russian Civil War, which also makes the loss of the political development of the multi party politics. To stop the discourse: the reason of the closing of the Constitutional Convention and the influence of the main ways of the Russian people. Because of the special condition of the war and revolution, Russia has also had the unique characteristics of the historical way of Russia, which had the origin of ideological understanding on the basis of the fate of the constitutional conference. The history of the Constitutional Convention held that the political change of Russia to the people is hard, and the constitutional convention is a test of the main political. The research on the constitutional convention will help us to analyze the actual state of modern Russian politics. 目录: |
