| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 德·梅列日科夫斯基是俄国意味主义文学派别的实际奠定人。该派别是19世纪末20世纪初俄国文学(即俄国文学的“白银时期”)的重要派别之一，它揭开了俄国古代文学的篇章。1892年梅氏的《论现代俄国文学陵夷的缘由及新的思潮》一文被文学史家视为“意味主义的宣言书”。20世纪初的俄国古代派文学朝着梅氏在宣言书中卓有远看法指出的谁人偏向成长起来，意味主义文学也在俄国生长为一种壮大的”特性的艺术”。但是，梅列日科夫斯基却离这一文学潮水愈来愈远，没有成为日趋强大起来的文学派别的“前锋”，乃至被俄国古代派文学视为另类和异己，由于他持续深化着他的意味主义，与20世纪初的宗教一哲学范畴中的精力更新活动联合在一路，付与了意味主义以奇特的寄义，使其具有了宗教一哲学颜色和世界不雅的品德，俄语论文范文，并以终生的创作践行着本身的意味主义主意，构成了本身奇特的意味主义叙事作风，《基督与反基督》三部曲等于其意味主义叙事的代表作。但是，这类意味主义叙事并不是一种纯真的叙事作风，个中彰显出一种新的精力寻求一一种宗教精力的寻求，因此被称为“宗教小说”，从而与俄国其时的“社会小说”和“市平易近小说”构成对话、论争的格式。意味主义叙事表现着他的宗教哲学主意，即人类汗青的成长史其实就是一部基督与反基督精力的奋斗史。这三部曲的主题是反应汗青上的基督思惟，这个“汗青”是指全球的汗青，包含一切世纪、一切平易近族与文明的汗青，或许说是包括一切的汗青。三部曲经由过程对具有典范意义的汗青人物一罗马君王尤里安、艺术和迷信君王达·芬奇、俄罗斯君王彼得和皇太子一所表现的宗教精力的意味式叙事，将欧洲和俄国甚至全部人类的汗青成长归入基督教与多神教、灵与肉的奋斗进程加以审阅，意味出人类汗青成长的意义。梅氏以为人类汗青命运的喜剧性在于人类一向处于基督教与多神教、灵与肉的对峙奋斗当中，而不克不及把二者融会起来。在他的心中充斥了对现实上融会了两个真谛的神子耶稣精力的寻求与崇奉一据此，他树立起了本身奇特的“新基督教”思惟。这一“新基督教”思惟，或“新精力哲学”与“社会小说”和“市平易近小说”所表现的实证主义和功利主义精力寻求异样构成了对话、论争的格式。所以，梅列日科夫斯基的意味主义叙事及其表现的精力，在文学上超出了社会小说和市平易近小说的视闲和精力维度，在思惟上构成了与反动平易近主主义和平易近粹主义思潮的功牙。J主义和实证主义精力的论争与杭衡。同时，他的新基督教思惟对俄国的独裁轨制、国度轨制、世俗教会和世俗反动构成了强无力的批评力气，提醒出了一种社会政治反动以后的宗教反动才会带来人类社会的真正自在、对等的能够。不外，梅列日科夫斯基平生所作的宗教一哲学摸索终究的指向是一种“社会目的”，俄语论文范文，他的“天上的真谛”与“地上的真谛”、“精力”与“肉体”的融会的宗教哲学是一种对将来社会生涯的设计，仍然是社会目标论的，预设了一小我类幻想之地，信任人类势必找到通往同一的途径，所以异样是幻想主义的乌托邦。但是，“两个真谛逐个对于天上的和对于地上的逐个早已在耶稣基督身上，在神子身上融会在一路了’，，这一对基督的新发明与新融会，战胜了“精力”与“肉体”二元对峙的思想形式，有能够令人类走出本身一向没法逃走的自设的南北极对峙与悖谬。梅氏“新基督教”思惟的意义或许其实不在于它是可行的，照样乌托邦，而在于他从陀思妥那夫斯基关闭的古代性动身，推导一场精力更新；在于从其宗教一哲学动身从新审阅人类汗青及其有数次反动，从中发明独裁轨制、世俗国度、世俗反动的宗教实质，从而战胜对一切世俗强权的害怕，消解“神授皇权”的神话，令人类的精力走向一个更加坦荡之境。梅列日科夫斯基更不足为奇的地方在于，在他平生赓续“追求天主”之真谛的进程中，不传教，不招徒弟，不要跟随者，不供给真谛，而只愿望有同路者和志愿者一路摸索真谛，并谢绝本身思惟之“唯一性”，从而于百年前就彰显了某种“后古代”姿太 Abstract: De Merejkovski is the actual founder of the Russian literary faction. This group is one of the important factions of Russian literature in the late twentieth Century and early nineteenth Century, which is the "silver period" of Russian literature. In 1892 Mei's "in modern Russian literature, but the reason and the new trend of thought of" a text is literary historians as "means" Declaration ". At the beginning of the 20th century Russian ancient school of literature towards Mei's in the Manifesto of the Zhuo far view point of people who tend to grow up, that literature is in Russian growth for a strong "characteristics of art". However, Merejkovski is a literary tide more and more far, no become strong literary sect, and the "striker" by Russia sent ancient literature as offbeat and alien, as he continued to deepen his symbolism, and religious philosophy category at the beginning of twentieth Century, the energy renewal activities together and given the symbolism to the peculiar meaning, so it has a religious moral philosophy color and world outlook, and in order to create their own practice of lifelong symbolism idea, formed its own unique narrative style that the main meaning, "Christ and anti Christ" trilogy that is equal to its narrative representation for. But this kind of means the narrative and is not a kind of pure narrative style, which shows a new energy for one kind of religious spirit of seeking, so it is called "Religious Novels", to Russia and the Social Novels "and" city residents novel nearly "dialogue, debate format. It means that the narrative shows his religious philosophy, that is, the growth of human history, Shi Qishi is a history of the struggle of the spirit of Christ and anti Christ. The theme of this trilogy is the reaction of the history of Christianity, this "history" refers to the history of the world, including all centuries, all ethnic and cultural history, perhaps that is, including all the history. Trilogy via process of typical historical figures a Roman king Urien, arts and Sciences Jun Wang Da Finch, the Russian emperor Peter and crown prince a performance the spirit of religion that narrative, Europe and Russia or even the whole human history growth classified into Christianity and polytheism and the spirit and the flesh and the struggle process to be reviewed, which means the significance of human historical development. Mei's thought comedy of the history and the destiny of mankind is man has always been in Christianity and polytheism and the spirit and the flesh of confrontation struggle among, and cannot merge the two together. In his heart full of reality merged the two meaning of Jesus, the son of God, energy seeking and beliefs according to this, he established itself peculiar "new Christian thought. This "new Christian" thought, or "new energy philosophy" and "social novel" and "the city" s novels, the expression of positivism and utilitarianism to seek the same form of dialogue and debate. So melezhkovski means of narration and expression of energy, in the literature on beyond the social fiction and city residents novels as the idle and dimensions of vigor, in terms of ideology constitute and reactionary plain near the main doctrine and plain nearly pure thoughts of dental work. Debate on the J doctrine and the positive energy and hang scale. At the same time, his thought of new Christian to Russia's authoritarian rail system, national rail system, the secular church and secular reactionary constitute the criticism of powerful strength, reveals a sociopolitical reactionary religious revolution will bring human society of real freedom, equal to. Nevertheless, melezhkovski life of religious philosophy exploration, after all, is the point of a "social purpose" and his "heaven of truth" and "the truth", "spirit" and "flesh" the fusion of the philosophy of religion is a kind of the future design of social life, is still on social objectives, for the design of a kind of ego fantasy, faith in humanity is bound to find the road leading to the same way, so strange is the idealistic Utopia. However, "two true one by one on the sky and on the ground one by one already in Jesus Christ, the son of God fusion in a way ', the Christ new inventions and new fusion, overcome the" spirit "and" flesh "the thought forms of binary confrontation, to make human beings out of itself has always been no escape from the north and South Pole confrontation and paradox. The significance of Mei's "new Christian thought may in fact, is not it is feasible, still Utopia, but in him from Tuo Si Toy Bernard J J Ki closed ancient start, is a renewed vigor; is start from the philosophy of religion from the review history and several revolutions, the invention of the authoritarian system, secular state, secular reactionary religious essence from, to overcome the fear of all worldly power, dispelling the" divine right of kings "myth, make the human spirit to a more magnanimous environment. Melezhkovski more surprising is that, in his life ceaselessly "pursuit of the essence of God" in the process, not to preach, not recruit apprentice, don't follow, do not provide true and only wishes fellow volunteers and a fumble essence and 目录: |
