In April 1895, the Sino Japanese battle to stop after the decline of the Qing government double bare exhaustive. In order to rescue the livelihood crisis and retaliate against Japan, the Qing government tried to use Russia planning intervention of the three kingdoms also Liao opportunity, the implementation of alliance with Russia to resist Japan. The Qing authorities this communicative intention in the first big political loan (also known as Russia and France have adequate loan) reaction in the negotiations. In 1896, congratulations by Li Xianming's visit to Russia, Russia and in Russia, contracting for bait, the Qing authorities in favor of the Trans Siberian railway across the southwest of China. Although the Qing government for the completion of alliance with Russia to resist Japan and continuously transferring sovereignty power interests. However, the Qing authorities failed to receive the expected results, and other powers in the expansion of the Russian benefits in China caused special intense dissatisfaction with Britain. Qing authorities in promoting the joint Russian communication, but also can not do not try to balance the powers of the benefits in china. Three times second, the political loan (two Yingde loan) representations of the Qing authorities react to block communication with russia. Burst of 1897 Jiaozhou Bay matters, Russia application mediation German conflict, tore up the "Russian secret treaty", forcibly leased brigade, to announce the Qing authorities of alliance with Russia communication complete bankruptcy. The Qing authorities also fell to carve up the tide. Faced with a serious crisis, China's attempt to stop turning communication policy. Japanese English has become one of special alliance is local governors, sent the gentry merchants communication reform orientation. The failure of the reform movement of 1898 which failed to complete communicative steering. But in the late Qing Dynasty Chinese political break through the process of communication is further exposed. Communication failure to accelerate the destruction process of Qing government. In this paper, after the 1895 Sino Japanese battle to stop the activities of a full-blown, the Qing government declared war to the powers on the eve of the five years in 1899 as study period, profound analysis, the Qing government communication during the interval of thought and policy, and the consequences of change, the Qing authorities put in a lot of element of communicative interaction and the mutual influence of restricted period background to assessment, discuss how to defeat the Qing authorities after the rescue itself and the implementation of livelihood crisis communication policy adjustment, and political forces such as government and opposition factions court officials, governors, intellectual premises and merchants from their own benefits and how familiar start effect of Qing authorities communication policy. In this paper, the detailed communication issues section research, in accordance with the rules set to generate the timing issues on the structure. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main body of the thesis is divided into for seven chapters the introduction on the topics of the origin and the significance of the research, coherent research history and current situation, research methods, research methods, elaborate framework and the crux of the score overview, in order to get lured scores, clear the research bias and focuses on, and to show the general picture of the consequences. Chapter one "alliance with Russia to resist Japan postwar early communicative coping". In 1895 Shimonoseki contract "signed to past suiwei assessment period, perforative three intervention Liao also China and Russia loan talks the two serious communication matters. The discussion is focused on Qing authorities how Russia automatically near and suspicion in the UK, in Liu Kun and Zhang Zhidong proposed constitute" alliance with Russia against Japanese pirates "communicative imaginary process. This chapter sufficient concern to the authorities in appealing for the first time the political loan (namely Russia and beg for loans) inclined to Russia, and external authorities couplets Russian communication divergent views, from the flat of the Qing government powers of Russia cause bias in China of competing interests, and thus incurred by third countries intervention collapse and enough to remind the Qing authorities joint Russian communication consciousness. In the second chapter, "Li Hongzhang and United Russia communication boom". In 1896 the Sino Russian secret treaty talks to discuss the background, discusses the Qing authorities in the implementation of the joint Russian communication performance face dilemma, analyze Li Hongzhang in Russia in the process of how under the guidance of Russia, to sell southwest sovereign interest value signed "the Sino Russian secret treaty" process, and social press on the Sino Russian secret treaty questioned. Li Hongzhang as the middle figure of the Sino Russian treaty is the focus of attention of this chapter. Because Li Hongzhang dim operation of Beiyang Navy destroyed, Li no longer as a strength of the district governor has a continuation of political life, can not completely rely on TZ u-his become spokesman of TZ u-his communication and carry out. Li Hongzhang because of their own experience to change Japan extreme hostility, and actively promote the communication with russia. This chapter will deeply analyze Li Hongzhang's non inductive thinking status in the process of the Sino Russian treaty. In the third chapter, "the block of the communication between the United Russia and Russia is balanced and defense", focusing on the resistance of the interior and exterior. This chapter is divided into three parts, the first two departments to two Yingde beg for loans as the target of describing, analysis of Qing government in the second and third political begging loan negotiations with Britain, Russia, Germany, France and other countries of the conflict and conflict. The third sector in than the Luhan railway loan negotiations as intermediate, discusses Zhang Zhidong, wangwenshao and Sheng Xuan pregnant in Luhan railway loan negotiation results from resonance to the appropriate process, from explore the Qing authorities how because the objectivity of familiar problems lead to global initiative, for the rights and interests of the China Railway large area loss not independently invented the premise. In a word, this chapter focuses on the Qing authorities in the implementation of the joint Russian communication process 目录: |
