| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 对于列宁组织扶植思惟的研究，是个老话题。从曩昔到如今，从东方到中国，对它的评价可谓众口纷纭，无所适从。以后，从新研究这一思惟，仍具有主要的实际和现实价值。本文从列宁的《进一步，退两步》这一小册子动手，从新商量了这一思惟的构成和成长进程，提出了本身对这一思惟的根本意见，以为：列宁的组织扶植思惟的发生是个纯洁的“剖析命题”，其本质是“平易近主集中制”。列宁在《进一步，退两步》这本小册子中运用了“集中制”而不是“平易近主集中制”的概念，特殊强调了自上而下的集中引导，强调了机密任务和职业反动家的感化，这恰是针对俄国其时毫无自在和平易近主可言的特别汗青前提而发的。列宁的这本小册籽实际上曾经说明了平易近主集中制准绳的内容，俄语论文范文，即必需把党的代表年夜会作为党的最高权利机关；党必需有同一的党章；必需有同一的规律，必需多数屈服多半，任何引导人都不克不及享有不屈服党内多半人意志的特权。从其思惟起源看，列宁的组织扶植思惟，既继续了马克思、恩格斯的组织思惟，又批评接收了第二国际的组织准绳和俄国反动平易近粹派的组织思惟，还自创了卢森堡的平易近主思惟。列宁的组织思惟的发生有其汗青必定性和公道性。固然，俄语论文，列宁的这一思惟也并不是完善无缺，在看待党内流派、设计党内监视机制、平易近主集中制轨制化扶植和引导共产国际等方面，均存在缺乏的地方。商量列宁的组织思惟对我们公道界定平易近主集中制的本质、保护中心威望、发扬党内平易近主、保持个人引导、增强党内监视、弄好轨制化扶植和造就平易近主张识和平易近主文明方面，均具有主要的实际意义。 Abstract: The discussion about the construction of Lenin's ideas is an old topic. From past to now, from the east to the Chinese, its assessment is everybody talking at once, at a loss. In the future, from the new research of this idea, still has the main practical and practical value. The from Lenin's "further back two steps" hands-on this pamphlet, from new to discuss the thought of composition and process of the development of the proposed itself of this thought is the fundamental views, think: Lenin's organization construction thought is a pure "analysis of the proposition", its essence is "democratic centralism". Lenin in "further back two steps" in the booklet used "centralism", rather than the concept of "democratic centralism", special emphasizes the top-down centralized guidance, emphasizes the confidential task and professional revolutionary action, this is precisely what is in Russia, in the meantime, there is no freedom and plain near to the Lord to speak of a particular historical premise. Lenin's this brochure seed had actually shows the plain the principle of democratic centralism, that are necessary for the party on behalf of the eve of the will as the highest authority in the party; the party must have the same constitution; must have the same rules, must most yield mostly, any guide people cannot enjoy succumb to the party most people will privilege. From its ideological origin, Lenin's organizational construction ideas, both to the organization thought of Marx and Engels, and accept criticism the organizational principle of the second international and Russian reactionary plain near the Nazi faction of the organization thought, also own the Luxembourg's democracy thought. Lenin's thought of organization has its historical inevitability and rationality. Course, Lenin's this thought it is not perfect without missing, in treat the party schools, design of inner-party supervision mechanism, plain near the main centralism rail system of support and guidance of the Communist International and other aspects, there are lack of places. Discuss Lenin's thought of justice, we define the essence of democratic centralism, protection center prestige, develop inner-party democracy, maintain personal guidance, strengthen the inner-party surveillance, rocking rail system of fostering and bringing up plain near advocate general and democratic civilization, have important practical significance. 目录: 中文摘要 4-6 ABSTRACT 6-7 引言 10-13 一、 《进一步，退两步》的写作背景 13-15 (一) 国际背景 13-14 (二) 国内背景 14-15 二、 列宁组织思想的来源 15-21 （一） 对马克思和恩格斯无产阶级政党思想的继承 15-17 （二） 对第二国际组织观点及其经验教训的吸取 17-18 （三） 对民粹派组织方式的批判吸收 18-19 （四） 对罗莎·卢森堡民主组织思想的借鉴 19-21 三、 《进一步，退两步》中对组织问题的争论 21-25 （一） “吉伦特主义” 22 （二） “尾巴主义” 22-23 （三） “老爷式的或是知识分子的无政府主义”就是反对党内的坚强纪律 23-24 （四） “自治制”就是对无产阶级集中制的敌对态度 24-25 四、 《进一步，退两步》中有关党的组织建设的内容 25-35 （一） 无产阶级政党是工人阶级先进的、有组织的部队 25-27 (二) 无产阶级政党的组织性 27-29 (三) 无产阶级政党是无产阶级的最高组织形式 29-31 (四) 无产阶级政党是工人阶级与劳动群众联系之体现 31-32 （五） 无产阶级政党是按照集中制准则组织起来的 32-34 （六） 无产阶级政党的纪律性 34-35 五、 列宁组织学说对中国共产党的作用 35-47 (一) 列宁的组织学说奠定了中国共产党的组织基础 36-41 (二) 列宁和共产国际帮助中国建立了共产党 41-43 (三) 以苏联共产党为榜样建立起来的中国共产党 43-44 (四) 中国共产党对列宁组织思想的应用和发展 44-47 结论 47-48 参考文献 48-50 致谢 50-51 攻读期成果 51 |
