| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 避免议会多半虐政机制是俄罗斯现行宪法的重要特点。它的发生缘由有两点：一是多半统管理论本身存在局限；二是为了转变俄罗斯政治平易近主化改造中的凌乱局势，宪法须要减弱议会制约行政机关的本能机能，以强化行政权利。俄罗斯现行宪法包含的避免议会多半虐政机制，重要包含三方面内容：一是用政党轨制、选举轨制订定合同会构造轨制的划定，俄语论文，确保议会能准确表达平易近意，并扼制多·数出于各种缘由，能够发生的毛病决议计划；二是经由过程对议会权利的直接限制，避免议会多半滥用权利；三是运用宪法法院轨制、陪审团轨制、全平易近公决轨制和处所自治轨制，在议会机构以外构成一道抵抗议会多半无穷威望的樊篱。本篇论文共分四个部门：第一部门：多半虐政的实际探寻。重要论述了平易近主的来源，平易近主的实质和多半决准绳的实际局限。第二部门：俄罗斯政治平易近主化的社会配景。重要引见俄罗斯联邦在平易近主化改造过程掉控的前提下，宪法强化行政权利的需要性。第三部门：俄罗斯宪法包含的避免议会多半虐政机制。重要剖析了政党轨制，选举轨制订定合同会构造轨制，对扼制“多半虐政”的感化；宪法直接减弱议会权利的办法；宪法和司法对俄罗斯联邦议会的直接限制等。第四部门：避免议会多半虐政机制的评价及其成长趋向。重要论述了该机制在运转理论中的积感化和消极作用；并对其将来的成长趋向做出迷信的猜测。 Abstract: To avoid the tyranny of mechanism is an important characteristic of most of the parliament of Russian constitution. It has two reasons: first, the most common management theory itself is limited; the two is to change the chaos in the political reform of Russia, the constitution needs to weaken the legislature to restrict the administrative organs of the instinct, in order to strengthen the administrative power. Contains the current constitution of the Russian Federation to avoid parliament most tyranny mechanism, mainly includes three aspects: one is with Party rail system, the electoral system stipulated in the contract will be designated track structure of to ensure that Parliament can accurately express the plain near the meaning and curb the multi - number for a variety of reasons, to the wrong decision; the second is through the process of councils the right to directly limit, avoid parliament most of the abuse of rights; the third is the application of the constitution court rail system, the jury system, the whole plain nearly referendum rail system and the local autonomy system, outside the legislature constitutes a protest against will probably infinite barriers of prestige. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: analysis of the most practical tyranny. It is important to discuss the origin of the people, the essence of the people and the practical limitations of the most important principles. The second sector: the social background of Russian political democracy. Important introduction of the Russian Federation in the process of national reconstruction of the process of control of the premise, the constitution to strengthen the need for administrative rights. The third sector: the Russian Constitution contains most of Parliament to avoid the tyranny of mechanism. Analysis of the party rail system, electoral system stipulated contract will construct rail system. The action to curb "the majority tyranny"; constitution directly weakened councils the right way; the Constitution and judicial of the Russian Federation Council directly limit. The fourth sector: avoid the trend of the evaluation mechanism and the growth of most of the tyranny of parliament. It is important to discuss the effect of the mechanism in the operation theory and its negative influence. 目录: 内容摘要 4-6 引言 6-7 一、 多数暴政的理论探寻 7-13 (一) 民主的溯源及其本质 7-8 (二) 民主异化为暴政的史实及其反思 8-10 (三) 多数暴政的哲学略论 10-13 1 、 民主为何要以多数决准则为基础? 10-11 2 、 多数决准则为何破坏民主? 11-13 二、 俄罗斯政治民主化的社会背景 13-16 (一) 俄罗斯缺乏支持民主的社会因素 14-15 (二) 俄罗斯政治民主化进程失控浅析 15-16 三、 俄罗斯宪法蕴含的防止议会多数暴政机制 16-39 (一) 议会构成的基础制度略论 16-26 1 、 政党制度 16-21 2 、 选举制度 21-23 3 、 议会结构制度(两院制) 23-26 (二) 俄罗斯联邦议会权力的直接限制 26-35 1 、 立法权方面的规定 27-33 2 、 监督政府权方面的规定 33-34 3 、 弹劾总统权方面的规定 34-35 4 、 其他权力方面的规定 35 (三) 、 俄罗斯联邦议会权力的间接限制 35-39 1 、 宪法法院对法学的监督 35-36 2 、 陪审团制度 36-37 3 、 全民公决制度 37 4 、 地方自治制度 37-39 四、 防止议会多数暴政机制的评价及其发展趋势 39-44 (一) 运行实践的评价 39-41 (二) 发展趋势的预测 41-44 参考书目 44-46 后记 46 |
