| 摘要:（摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，俄语论文范文，内容请直接查看目录。） 俄罗斯在政治轨制和社会成长的变迁进程中,因为各种缘由,迄今为止仍未构成古代意义上的成熟的联邦制国度。1991以来,俄罗斯政治转型之路并不是好事多磨,随同着政治转型的联邦体系体例也一向是摇动不定,联邦中心与联邦主体关系的不肯定,直接作用到了俄罗斯政治、经济和社会的稳固与成长。是以,研究俄罗斯联邦体系体例的改造成长在俄罗斯政治范畴的研究中占着异常主要的位置,愈来愈多的专家学者开端存眷这一范畴的研究。联邦体系体例的变迁与政治轨制的变更慎密接洽在一路,对于俄罗斯联邦体系体例的转型研究可认为我们探访苏联崩溃以来俄罗斯政治成长轨迹并猜测其成长趋向供给一个比拟新的视角,更主要的是,俄罗斯作为我国的最年夜邻国,俄罗斯的变更与成长对我国的平安稳固都有着较年夜的作用,并且中俄两国已经有过邻近的政治经济构造,如今面对着类似的汗青任务--保护国度主权与国土完全,坚持国度经济政治与社会稳固,摸索合适各自国情的成长之路,对俄罗斯联邦体系体例的成长改造、处置平易近族成绩的政策及其经历经验的研究对我国也有着启发与自创意义。本文共分五部门。第一章研究联邦主义的实际内在,论述了联邦制的实质,剖析了现今世界联邦制的详细形式；第二章从汗青的角度考核和体系梳理了俄罗斯联邦制的变迁过程及特点：前苏联时代情势上的联邦制本质上的单一制、叶利钦时代从合同联邦制向协商联邦制改变、普京在朝以来的联邦制改造--以宪政联邦形式为目的增强联邦权利与国度同一、梅德韦杰夫-普京在朝以来持续奉行普京时期制订的政策。第三章依据中外学者的不雅点,剖析了俄罗斯联邦制构成的准绳,引见俄罗斯联邦的组成和俄罗斯联邦制的三个特色。第四章剖析了俄罗斯联邦体系体例成长中碰到的重要成绩：一是集权与分权之争,从俄罗斯联邦制改造的进程和成果来看,在中心和地域的关系处置上,一直未能掌握住集权和分权的均衡点。二是平易近族成绩,具有一百多个平易近族的俄罗斯成为自力国度后,平易近族成绩并没有由于苏联的崩溃而消逝,反而跟着轨制变迁而加倍严格。三是地域成绩,其焦点是地域之间的不屈等成绩。第五章剖析了俄罗斯联邦制改造的将来走向和对策。综合剖析俄罗斯国际政治家们和学者对俄联邦体系体例的成长改造提出的各类计划,论述了俄罗斯稳固和完美联邦制的三项对策,一是完美宪政体系体例。俄罗斯向宪政联邦制的改变及其成长远景取决于宪法的制订和宪法威望的保护。二是妥当处置平易近族关系,既要清除俄罗斯平易近族的平易近族沙文主义,更要留意防止其他平易近族的自力认识,保护俄罗斯平易近族的协调与联结。三是尊敬政治文明传统。俄罗斯国民在政治上的成熟与不雅念上的改变,也在作用着宪政轨制的成长速度与改造偏向。经由过程俄罗斯联邦自力以来三位总统在朝的联邦政策比拟剖析,我们可以看出,俄罗斯联邦轨制还是一种不成熟的轨制,联邦体系体例的改造成长还将停止较长时光的摸索。 Abstract: Russia's political system and social development changes in the process, due to various reasons, so far has not formed the ancient meaning of the maturity of the federal state. Since 1991, Russian political transition is not problem free, along with political transition of the federal system has been do shake, the federal Centers and federal entities not sure, directly affects the Russia's political, economic and social stability and growth. Is to study Russian federal system reform, the growth of occupy the main anomaly in the study of Russian political category in the study, more and more experts and scholars began to pay attention to this category. The federal system changes and political system changes close together, on the transformation of Russian federal system style as we visited Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union political growth trajectory and guess their growth tends to provide a new perspective, the more important is that Russia as China's biggest neighbor, change with the growth of Russia to China Ping An has a greater impact on stability, and China and Russia have had political and economic structures nearby, now face a similar historical task of safeguarding national sovereignty and territorial integrity, adhere to the national economic and political and social stability, find suitable to their own national conditions growth path, policy research on the growth of Russian Federal system reform, style of disposal of ethnic scores and the experience has inspired and created significance to our country. This paper is divided into five departments. Within the first chapter discusses the federalism of the actual, discusses the essence of federalism, analyzes the detailed form of nowadays world federalism; the second chapter from the history angle assessment and system combing the changing process of the Russian federal system and characteristics of: situation of the Soviet era federal nature of the unitary, the Yeltsin Era from contract federal to federal negotiation of change, since moving in Putin's federal system reform -- in the form of a federal constitutional for the purpose of enhanced federal rights and country the same, Medvedev Putin ruling since continued pursuing Putin Period in formulating policies. The third chapter on the basis of Chinese and foreign scholars point of view, analysis of the Russian federal constitution principle, introduce three characteristics of the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation system composition. The fourth chapter analyzes the encountered in the Russian Federation system style growth of important achievements: centralization and decentralization, from the point of view of the Russian federal system reform process and results, in handling the relationship between center and region, has not been able to grasp equilibrium point of centralization and decentralization. The two is the national achievement, has more than one hundred people of Russia became the independent state, the nation's performance did not disappear with the collapse of the Soviet Union, but followed the institutional change and its strict. The three is the geographical achievements, its focus is on regional inequality between grades. The fifth chapter analyzes the Russian federal system reform and future countermeasures. The growth transformation of the Russian federal system in the comprehensive analysis of Russian International politicians and scholars of various plans, discusses three countermeasures of Russian federal system stable and perfect, is a perfect constitutional system. To change the Russian federal constitutional system and its growth prospects depend on the formulation of the Constitution and the constitutional protection of prestige. Second, properly handle ethnic relations, it is necessary to clear the Russian ethnic ethnic chauvinism, should pay attention to prevent other ethnic self understanding and protect Russia plain near family coordination and connection. The three is to respect the traditional political civilization. The Russian people in the political maturity and the concept of change, but also affects the bias in the growth rate and the transformation of constitutional system. Through the Russian Federation independent since three presidents moving in federal policy comparative analysis, we can see rail system of the Russian Federation is a kind of immature rail system, the federal system reform and development will also stop groping for a longer time. 目录: |
