| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，德语论文网站，内容请直接查看目录。） 德国汗青学家弗里德里希·梅尼克是古代东方最富盛名的汗青学家之一，是汗青主义的最初一名年夜师。作为一个经历丰硕，充斥聪明的白叟，他在第二次世界年夜战后对德国所遭遇魔难的反思是很有价值的，但史学界对此却很少浏览，不克不及不说是一个遗憾。梅尼克的反思重要集中在1946年创作的《德国的大难》一书中。他独辟门路，德语毕业论文，不拘泥于缕述史实，而是从汗青事宜的思惟上寻觅缘由。梅尼克以为形成德国大难的重要缘由，在于德国人反水了古典自在主义的传统，在于国度权利与精力自在、平易近族主义和自在主义、世界国民国家与平易近族国度未能到达协调同一。他为德国汗青文明辩解，把希特勒的下台和纳粹的突起在很年夜水平上归结于有时性。他曾经认识到国度权利若是没无限度，就会压制人的自在和良知，令人屈服于权利。但他依然神往国度权利与精力自在的协调，愿望德国的古典文明能另起炉灶，如许就可以使德国取得重生，并能融出世界做出她举世无双的进献。《德国的大难》一书中，梅尼克历数了自工业反动起至二战停止后德国人的思惟潮水和精力状况，包含平易近族主义、社会主义、马基雅维利主义、普鲁士军国主义和希特勒主义等，指出了这些思潮对德国遭遇魔难的作用，特别是希特勒主义为德国带来的弗成估计的丧失。值得留意的是，梅尼克单列一章评论辩论有时性和必定性，强调有时性对希特勒下台、纳粹突起的决议性感化。最初，梅尼克号令德国人要恢复古典自在主义精力，充斥愿望地来迎接德国的重生。梅尼克在本书中延续了他的不雅念史的思惟，侧重从精力层面来思虑德国为何走向如许一条扑灭的途径，这是他的奇特地点，但也招致了他对客不雅情况的疏忽，再加上他对德国古典文明传统的非常酷爱，使他在思虑德国的大难时有了必定的偏颇。本文重要引见了《德国的大难》一书中梅尼克所持的不雅点，并借此来商量一下梅尼克暮年的史学思惟及其缺乏。 Abstract: Friedrich Melnick, a German historian, is one of the most famous historians in the ancient Orient. As a rich experience, full of clever or infirm, he after the Second World War on Germany encountered the tribulations of reflection is very valuable, but historians rarely browsing, you cannot say is a regret. Melnick's reflection on the important focus on the creation of the 1946, "the great difficulty of Germany," a book. He made special way, not rigidly adhere to the facts, but from the history of thought for a reason. Melnick thought an important reason for the formation of Germany to, is that Germans defected the classical liberal tradition, is state power and energy free, plain near the nationalism and liberalism, people all over the world countries and plain near family country failed to reach coordination of the same. He defended the German history and civilization, the Hitler and the Nazis to step down in a very large level due to the nature of the. He had realized that if the country's right is not infinite, it will suppress the human freedom and conscience, it is yielding to the right. But he still fascinated national power and energy free coordination and desire to Germany's classical civilization to reinvent the wheel, such can make German rebirth, and finance in the world to make her unique contribution. "Germany" in the book, Meinecke enumerate the since the industrial revolution until after the end of the Second World War the Germans thought tide and mental state, including plain nearly nationalism, socialism, Machiavellianism, Prussian militarism and Hitlerism and, it points out that the influence of these thoughts to Germany encounter tribulations, especially Hitlerite Germany to bring the Eph into estimation of loss. It is important to note is that Melnick a separate chapter reviews the debate sometimes and inevitability, emphasizing sometimes to Hitler to step down, Nazi raised resolution sexy. Initially, the Germans to restore orders semenic classical liberal spirit, full of desire to meet Germany reborn. Melnick in Book continuation of the thought his indecent of the history of ideas, focus from the energy level to consider why Germany to such a put out of the way, this is his exotic locations, but also lead to the negligence of He of the objective situation, coupled with him on the German tradition of classical civilization are very fond of, make him a certain bias in the consideration of Germany to. This paper mainly introduces Melnick in the German difficult book to indecent point and, thereby, to discuss the semenic Twilight historiography thought and lack. 目录: 中文摘要 6-7 ABSTRACT 7-8 绪论 9-13 一 梅尼克的思想历程和创作背景 13-24 1. 梅尼克的生活背景和思想渊源 13-17 2. 梅尼克的历史探讨和写作 17-22 3. 《德国的浩劫》的缘起 22-24 二 梅尼克在《德国的浩劫》中的主要观点 24-41 1. 德国浩劫的直接原因 24-32 2. 历史偶然性与希特勒的个人因素 32-38 3. 梅尼克论德国的新生 38-41 三 梅尼克在《德国的浩劫》中体现的史学思想 41-44 1. 观念史思想 41-42 2. 历史主义思想 42-44 四 《德国的浩劫》的不足及史学启示 44-54 1. 《德国的浩劫》的不足 44-51 2. 《德国的浩劫》的史学启示 51-54 结语 54-56 参考文献 56-61 致谢 61-62 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表 62 |
