| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 德国固然是个年夜陆法系国度，但其国度补偿轨制更接近于通俗法系国度，德国1981年《国度补偿法》甫一出台即被联邦宪法法院宣告背宪而有效，固然没有一部同一的国度补偿法典体系调剂国度补偿成绩，然则德公法重视系统、重视概念、重视学理的精力依然深入表现在其国度补偿轨制中，信任也势必给我们带来睿智与启发。本文共分四章：第一章是中德两国国度补偿法概述。引见了德国国度补偿法的概念、汗青、功效、系统和特色，对比德国引见了中国国度补偿法在这五个方面的轨制创设。德国的国度补偿法在概念上术语凌乱，但本质上都是表现一种伤害补偿、公正赔偿和恢回复复兴状等分歧类型要求权的聚集状况。两国的国度补偿轨制都阅历了艰苦的汗青成长过程。在功效上都是为了到达给付公正，累赘平衡。在系统上德国以针对国度运动的补偿和针对为履行国度义务而运用或许是伤害小我权益的赔偿的两分法为基本。德国国度补偿轨制的特色表现在其庞杂的司法渊源构造和特别庞杂交织的要求权构造，通俗法院和行政法院都有管辖权，错误和守法在补偿义务组成方面的感化愈来愈小，补偿和赔偿有融会的趋向。第二至第四章重点引见了德国国度补偿义务的构造。重要由两年夜块构成：一是伤害补偿义务一公事人员在主权范畴实行守法错误行动的职务义务。接上去是既互相消除又互相弥补的穿插堆叠的在特定情况中发生的其它有着分歧渊源和分歧目的导向的要求权，重要包含在法定职务义务以外成长起来的因行政法上的债权关系而发生的伤害补偿要求权和作为普通实用的填补职务义务破绽的风险义务补偿要求权；二是赔偿义务一基于根本权力的产业保证和社会累赘平衡的就义赔偿。赔偿法包含：对产业的正当损害的赔偿一征收，对守法损害产业的补偿一所谓的准征收损害，对发生征收性派生效果的正当行政运动的赔偿一所谓的征收性损害，在《根本法》第14条第1款第2句的内容划定和界线划定的框架内因特殊累赘的赔偿一所谓的应予公正赔偿的内容限制。别的持续存在着广义上的就义要求权一对非物资权力损害的赔偿要求权。到此所提到的补偿或许赔偿要求权再加上作为社会国度推进的社会法上的位置构成要求权，都是以金钱为目的的，最初要提到的就是旨在清除守法损害招致的客不雅效果，德语论文题目，恢复到守法损害之前的状况的效果消除要求权。文章最初的结论部门指出德国国度补偿对我国国度补偿轨制可兹自创的地方：重要是要从“年夜处着眼、小处着手”。树立系统化的国度补偿轨制，防止立法空白。以法的合法性、保证人权为动身点立法。德国国度补偿轨制的火花除周密的系统外，还特殊表现在某些详细规矩、要件的解析比拟公道、到位，很值得自创。是以，本文对要求权的根据，要件做了较为过细的梳理和评述，以期可以或许给读者带来感悟。最初研究德国国度补偿轨制时要重视对概念的辨别。从办法论的角度而言，德语论文题目，本文试图打破传统纯真引见本国轨制的形式，从比拟、评述，特殊是以德公法学轨制为配景考核中国的国度补偿轨制，进而提出批驳和扶植性看法。 Abstract: Germany is certainly a continental law countries, but the state compensation system closer to common law countries, Germany in 1981 "State Compensation Law" Fu introduced is the Federal Constitutional Court declared constitutional back and effective, although do not have a unified state compensation law system to adjust the degree of compensation performance, de law however great importance to the system, attach importance to the concept, pay attention to the study of energy is still deep in the state compensation system, trust is also bound to give us bring wisdom and inspiration. This article is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is a summary of the National Compensation Law of China and germany. Introduced the German national compensation law concept, history, efficacy, system and characteristics, compared to Germany introduced the Chinese national compensation law in these five aspects of the establishment of the system. Germany's national compensation law in the concept of messy, but in essence, is a manifestation of a kind of damage compensation, Justice Compensation and recovery and recovery of the different types of claims, such as the status of the right to gather. The national compensation system of the two countries has experienced the arduous historical growth process. In effect is to reach the payment of justice, cumbersome balance. On the system Germany to compensate for the national movement and for the fulfillment of the obligations of the state and the application of the two points may be hurt the interests of the two. The characteristics of German national compensation system in the complex judicial origin structure and special complex interwoven claim structure, ordinary courts and administrative courts have jurisdiction, the errors and the law in the obligation of compensation composition of action is getting smaller, compensation and compensation have mingling trend. The second to fourth chapter focuses on the construction of the German national compensation obligation. Important consist of two of the eve of the block: one is damage compensation duty of business personnel in sovereign category implement error action of abiding by the law of duty obligations. Pick up is not only each other to eliminate the claim and make up for each other's interspersed with stacked in specific cases other have different origins and different objective oriented and important contain grew up outside the statutory duties and obligations for administrative law relationship of creditor's right and the occurrence of the damage compensation claim and as the general utility of fill Duty obligation flaws of risk compensation obligation claim; second is liable for compensation based on fundamental rights of the guarantee industry and social burden balance of sacrifice for. Compensation method includes: on industry while damage compensation for expropriation of law-abiding industry injury compensation a so-called quasi charge damage and to compensation for expropriation effect is derived the proper administrative movement called the expropriation damage occurred in the contents of "fundamental law" the 14 the paragraph 1 of Article 2 content delimitation and demarcation line delineated framework internal special burden for a so-called should be fair compensation limit. The other continues to exist on the claim of a generalized sacrifice for the materials of power compensation claim. Here mentioned compensation might compensate claim again and as national society to promote the social law position constitute claims are in money for the purpose of, initially to be mentioned is designed to remove law-abiding damage cause the objective effect, return to law before the damage effect to eliminate the claim. The initial conclusion department pointed out that the German national compensation of national compensation system can create their own places: important is from the "focus on the big, start small". Establish the system of national compensation system, to prevent the legislative blank. The legitimacy of law and the guarantee of human rights as the starting point of legislation. Germany's national compensation system for the Spark Spark in addition to careful system, but also special performance in certain details of the rules, elements of the analysis is relatively reasonable, in place, it is worth the. To the claim in accordance with the requirements of the more meticulous combs and reviews, in order to can perhaps gives the reader a sentiment. To pay attention to the concept of discrimination in the initial study of the German national compensation system. From the methodology angle, this paper attempts to break the traditional pure introduced its rail system in the form of, from analogy, review, especially German public law system to background assessment of China's national compensation system, and then put forward criticism and support the view. 目录: |
