Housing is living necessities, but also the largest individual family assets. Most of the world developed country civil economy, housing occupied ten percent share to twenty, plays an important role side. Because housing is a consumer and investment and progress home residents housing purchasing power, housing finance for all citizens' economic growth growth, the progress of social welfare and the people's living standards, have a quite important role. The low-income class is the vulnerable groups of social life, for the low-income family housing financial support is not only related to social justice, and relates to a country's economy can grow continuously. Treatment of the low-income class housing financial results, all the time by the world concern. Because of the divergence between the nations economic growth degree, social historical and cultural background, family expenditure and storage of the volunteer and the government role and encourage measures, so that the nations of the low-income class housing financing needs deal with the emergence of a variety of circumstances. This paper studies on the German low-income family housing finance form based on the different grades for processing Chinese lessons and inspiration. The implementation of the German social market economic system, in the system, "tilt" to the low-income class is a main content of housing policy in germany. World War II, in the German housing finance system constitute the unique features support the low-income family housing finance form, housing financing origin nor single channel, but by various types of financial institutions involved in the authorities to intervene directly in the market, the seduction community funds to various forms of mutual consistency camp financing system. In German housing finance market, display the big effect includes commercial banks, savings banks, universal banks, mortgage banks and housing savings bank, three cooperation has more than 70% of the housing financial market share. German housing finance market basically completed the market segmentation and financing group reputation grade covered a wide range, credit portfolio product evacuated the risk system and professional housing savings contract form, housing finance oriented closed form of savings, in the system deposits with faction) and "multiplier effect", for Germany to establish stable housing finance system and the health of the real estate market, demand spending restraint residents in a short period of time, cut the currency smooth, slow inflation plays a positive role. After World War II, faced with the difficult reconstruction of obligations and the huge demand for funds, the German authorities choose the financing way of a public and private coexist authorities by the method of providing guarantee, reward incentives and tax breaks and other direct intervention in the market, play a role; and housing authorities to fill or rental housing methods, completed the neighborhood residents of housing guarantee. Housing savings contract form of Germany, is aimed at low-income housing finance support professional class design. Since the end of World War II, in Germany to rebuild, instruments de merge, Eastern European countries in transition for the processing of housing and financial lack cast great influence, in the form of financing also develops ceaselessly and perfect. The housing contract savings in the form of membership, through mutual cooperation between family contract control, extended households purchase uniform period, complete all the Pareto improvement of social welfare. In the form of the operation process, the housing savings bank is the only legitimate institutions, housing savings contract form is independent of the capital market closed operation. Households purchase volunteer after the contract is signed, through process of the deposit period of low interest rates, staging deposit "Shoufu" funds, accumulation of credit and deposit rates are low power, after the arrival of the loan scale households in the only supply of assets for the second mortgage on the basis of deposits. In the whole of the contract time, authorities are rewarded for housing savings, household prepayment without penalty. Control through the process of a series of mechanisms, both sponsored households to resist the market interest rate risk, master deposit capital, has sponsored the completed risk for financial institutions to the low-income class master financing. Housing contract savings in the form of important characteristics summarized as "after the first deposit loans, low interest of cooperation, closed operation, authorities Award", the product design and low access restrictions the become the object of weakness of the leniency of the low-income family housing financing, become one of Germany family housing finance group together in the form of the main members. From the 80's of the last century, China began to gradually implement housing system marketization reform, promote the housing distribution of currency. In order to housing from the style of the original planned economy system gradually stripped to the market, in the state-owned enterprise or business unit mainly for urban workers set a to the housing accumulation fund system is the focus of policy housing finance system, in the financial market of commercial housing set trade bank housing credit system. At the same time, in order to alleviate the great pressure of rapid city in the process of falling prices brought by the Chinese authorities launched in low rent housing, public rental housing, affordable housing and commercial housing prices, the housing guarantee system. Along with the reform of economic system of market of our country gradually deep, the market gradually emerged in the diversification of housing financing needs. Policy of housing provident fund system also because the main risk is unknown, shrouded population small and forced financing mechanism and the negative control, negative application and intervention of authority and responsibility PI perverted said a series of achievements, cannot be market-oriented transformation of the real low-income housing financial support to supply useful must level reduce the social gap between the rich and the poor. Combined with our own reality, learning and drawing on other countries advanced experience, is an important means in the transformation of conflict and performance. Because of the Sino German system of market economy and the booming level difference, there are similar and difference between the two housing finance market. Non liberal market economy, rapid city process, leading to the bank for the residents financial management method for our own German low-income family housing finance supply feasibility. In 2004, the Sino German Housing Savings Bank was set up in Tianjin, through the process of governmental commendation savers, constitute the new forms of housing savings, abounded the low-income class housing finance product selection, supply the residents near the new housing credit portfolio. After the establishment of the Sino German Housing Savings Bank, in order to conform to China's real estate market low price expectations and non emotional capital market investment rate of return, open up new housing savings products and through the introduction of government credit, will work on steering of the low-income population and engaged in ensuring real to foster the development of enterprise and business continuously enrich and expand. Processing low-income family housing financing difficult, need continuously strengthened financial innovation, supply and increasing work in low - and middle-income families housing financial products; at the same time, authorities should display the role of financial tax, establish a useful guarantee and insurance mechanism, credit credit system, perfect matching laws and regulations, promote perceptual, read indecent indecent off the financial planning and wealth management, promote fair and efficient housing guarantee system set up and implement and sponsored more families the early completion of the housing dream. 目录: |
