| 1789年7月14日,随同着反动的炮火声,有着400多年汗青的巴士底狱被巴黎国民霸占。这不只标记着一个新兴阶层开端控制了法国政权,也标记着以巴士底狱为代表的旧轨制完全瓦解。不论其时的人们能否真正懂得巴士底狱,它照样被视为一个罪大恶极的独裁险恶的意味。然则,当人们霸占了这座修建物后,才惊奇的发明这个偌年夜的食人兽中关押的只是戋戋7个囚犯罢了。实际归实际,这其实不妨害人们对巴士底狱的痛恨,巴黎国民依然把霸占巴士底狱算作反抗独裁主义和王权的成功。现实上,对巴士底狱的摧毁也确切成了一个新时期的终点。本文的主题是研讨巴士底狱的汗青及其丑陋意味构成的过程。可以说,巴士底狱的汗青中折射出来的不只是它本身的悲痛,也是旧轨制的悲痛。全文分为三个部门：第一部门是从巴士底狱的树立、治理和生涯这三个方面客不雅地论述真实的巴士底狱史,它的外部状态与其时法国国民心目中所构成的印象相去甚远。第二部门研究了巴士底狱的囚犯,包含囚犯的人数、被羁系缘由及被羁系的手腕,重点略论了密札轨制的履行及其感化。第三部门述了巴士底狱意味意义的由来,重要是因法国18世纪所风行的小册子对巴士底狱的批评；密札对它的负面作用和主要汗青事宜的火上浇油。巴士底狱的变更折射出来的是法国旧轨制的式微。巴士底狱的意味意义的构成解释了旧轨制末期"言论的构成与壮大,也进一步明示着旧轨制末期层见叠出的政治危机。苦不胜言的当局作出了各种尽力试图挽回巴士底狱严重受损的抽象,然则其终究的成果注解法国的旧轨制曾经走进了逝世胡同,且无抢救之法。 Abstract: In July 14, 1789, along with the reactionary gunfire, with 400 years of history, the Bastille was Paris national occupation. Which not only marks the beginning of a newly arisen stratum took control of the French regime, marked in the Bastille for representatives of the old rail system completely disintegrated. No matter when people can really understand the Bastille, it is still regarded as a notorious authoritarian sinister means. However, when people occupied the building after, amazing invention the Ruo big cannibal in held just trifling only seven prisoners bale. Actual normalized actual. In fact, this does not hinder the people hate of the Bastille, Paris National still occupy the Bastille counted against the success of authoritarianism and kingship. In fact, the destruction of the Bastille or into a new period of the end. The theme of this paper is to explore the history and meaning of the ugly Bastille process. It can be said that reflected the Bastille in the history of not only its own grief, but also the old system of grief. The full text is divided into three divisions: first part is from Bastille set, the three aspects of governance and career objectively discusses real Bastille history and its external state and in the eyes of the French people a impression far. The second part studies the Bastille prisoner, prisoner contains the number of, regulatory reasons and regulatory wrist, focusing on analysis of the dense Zagreb rail system performance and its effect. The third sector of the origin of the Bastille symbolic, it is important for French 18th century popular pamphlet criticism of the Bastille; dense Zagreb on its negative effects and important historical matters of add fuel to the flames. The Bastille changes reflected by the decline of old system in france. The composition of the symbolic significance of the Bastille explained the old rail system in the last stage of the speech form and growth, further express a political crisis emerges in endlessly at the end of the old rail system. Bitter winless word authorities made efforts to try to save the Bastille was badly damaged by abstraction, however eventually results annotation French old rail system had entered a death alley and no rescue. 目录: 中文摘要 3-5 英文摘要 5-6 引言 9-15 一、选题意义 9-10 二、国内外探讨近况 10-14 三、创新之处 14-15 第一章 巴士底狱的功能、管理和生活 15-35 1.1 从军事城堡到国家监狱 15-19 1.2 巴士底狱的管理 19-27 1.3 巴士底狱的生活 27-35 第二章 巴士底狱的囚犯 35-53 2.1 囚犯的人数 35-38 2.2 监禁的原因 38-43 2.3 监禁与密札制度 43-53 第三章 巴士底狱专制主义象征的由来 53-76 3.1 公众舆论的形成与弊端 53-61 3.2 传说、当事人的小册子和对巴士底狱的攻击 61-70 3.3 巴士底狱的恐怖形象大行其道 70-76 结语 76-79 参考文献 79-82 附录 82-83 后记 83-84 |
