ABSTRACT:William Golding, a famous British writer, in 1954, his work, Lord of the Flies was produced, and then he won the Noble Prize in Literature in 1983 by the work. Lord of the Flies tells that a group of the children from innocence evolves into brutality and viciousness in bad, harsh deserted island environment. This paper utilizes Sigmund Freud’s theory of human psyche and the influence of environment on human nature to interpret the main characters in Lord of the Flies. The aim is to reveal the reason why the characters’ human nature changes, specifically, how the social background and characters’ instinct, as well as the extreme environment influence human nature. Meanwhile, this thesis also aims to analyze the characters’ human nature from the environment perspective. 

Key Words: Lord of the Flies; Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Human Psyche; Extreme Environment; Virtue and Evil

摘要:英国著名作家，诺贝尔文学奖获得者威廉.戈尔丁的代表作《蝇王》，讲述的是一群小孩在极限环境下由原来的天真无邪转变成野蛮邪恶的过程。本文运用弗洛伊德的人格结构理论和环境给人带来的影响来分析小说《蝇王》中的主要人物拉尔夫、西蒙和杰克的人物性格及人格结构。从而揭示人物人性转变的原因，不仅仅是由于社会背景、人性本能，还由于人物所处的极限环境所致。

关键词：《蝇王》；弗洛伊德人格结构理论；极限环境；善与恶