Abstract:The Call of The Wild is one of the masterpieces of American writer Jack London in the late 19th century. It tells a stroy of a dog, Buck and the harsh change of him from the humanity to the wild, and the hard experience of struggling to survive. This thesis does in-depth analysis of the hero, Buck, from two aspects of realism and naturalism to expose and criticize the social reality of capitalism, to study the practical significance of its experience and transformation. What’s more, Buck’s transformation and experience embody the deep influence of the natural law of “survival of the fittest” on Buck and the society of that time, as well as the important practical significance of the law to the modern society. Buck’s experience has important significance to people and teaches us to change ourselves to adapt to the complicated society.

Key words: Buck, transformation，realism, naturalism, the survival of the fittest

摘要:《野性的呼唤》是19世纪末美国著名作家杰克·伦敦最具代表性的作品之一。它讲述了一只名叫巴克的狗在淘金热的社会浪潮下，从人性到野性的嬗变，以及为了生存而艰苦挣扎的残酷历程。本文从现实主义和自然主义两方面对巴克的经历及转变进行深入分析，揭露并批判当时资本主义的社会现实，探求巴克的转变和经历的现实意义，而且，巴克的经历及转变体现了“适者生存”的自然法则对巴克和当时社会的深刻影响，以及“适者生存”在现代社会的重大现实意义。巴克的经历对现实中的人们具有重大的借鉴意义，它教导我们要改变自己以适应这个复杂的社会。

关键词：巴克，嬗变，现实主义，自然主义，适者生存