Abstract:After World WarⅡ, the material production of America developed rapidly and vastly, which led to an improvement of living standard in this country. Nevertheless, most people’s spirits became more and more meager and void. Soon, the “alienation literature” revealed clearly in the field of American literature. The Catcher in the Rye, Jerome David Salinger’s only full-length novel, was actually one of the representatives. This paper analyzes the work with the alienation theory from three major aspects, including the alienation of human nature, of relationships among people, and of society, to embody the alienation theme, aiming at helping readers have a better understanding about the novel, the human nature and even the society. 

Keywords: The Catcher in the Rye; Salinger; alienation; theme

摘要:二战后，美国物质生产发展迅猛，生活水平提高，但广大人民的精神生活却越来越贫乏，空虚。一时间，异化文学在美国文学中凸显。《麦田里的守望者》，美国作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格的唯一一部长篇小说，便是异化文学的代表作之一。本文结合异化理论，从人性异化、人际关系的异化和社会的异化三个主要方面对作品进行分析，体现出作品中蕴含的异化主题,旨在帮助读者对作品、人性以及社会有更好的理解。

关键词：《麦田里的守望者》；塞林格；异化；主题