| 平易近族主义最后来源于十七世纪的英国,今后扩大到欧洲、美洲,到了二十世纪,则普及全球每个国度。平易近族主义作为近代以下世界上最为壮大的政治力气和社会力气之一,直接作用着社会汗青的成长过程。平易近族主义作为主要的文明思潮和政治力气之一,曾导演了有数平易近族、国度的融会、决裂、自力、抵触、乃至战斗。在现今世界进入全体化和全球化的新时期,平易近族的成绩仍然存在,成为暗斗以后作用国际关系和世界政治的最惹人注视的身分。在近代平易近族国度的构成进程中,法国、德意志最具有代表性。法公民族主义出现为平易近主主义的形状。在15世纪,法国树立了君主独裁国度,但这类独裁王权统治下的国度不是平易近族国度。跟着本钱主义的成长,封建君主独裁涌现了严重危机,招致法国发蒙活动的鼓起,发蒙思惟家把否决封建独裁王权和争夺“平易近主”、“共和”和爱平易近族、爱故国的思惟相联合,成为法公民族主义的凸起特点。作为发蒙思惟家的代表,卢梭奠基了法公民主平易近族主义的实际基本。法国年夜反动经由过程颠覆封建君主独裁树立了近代平易近族国度,推进了近代西欧平易近族主义的终究确立。德意志,作为两次世界年夜战的动员者,作为一个在现今世界上无足轻重的经济年夜国,其奇特的平易近族精力一向在其汗青中起侧重要的感化。德意志的平易近族认识早在中世纪时代就己经萌芽,18世纪末创建了以赫尔德为代表的文明平易近族主义,完成了德意志文明上的同一,而政治上持续决裂。在法国年夜反动和拿破仑战斗以后,这类文明平易近族主义转化为政治平易近族主义,在近半个世纪的摸索中逐步成熟,并在其指点下经由过程武力完成了德意志的同一。这使得德意志平易近族主义具有封建主义、军国主义的颜色,从而使平易近族国度具有激烈的对外扩大性的特色。法、德随同着平易近族国度的树立,构成了平易近族主义,迈入了古代化社会,它们各有本身的特色。近代平易近族主义发生今后,开端作用着世界汗青的过程。 Abstract: The national origin of the United Kingdom in seventeenth Century, the future expansion of Europe, America, in twentieth Century, the popularity of each country in the world. As one of the most powerful political and social forces in the world, the people's nationalism has a direct impact on the growth process of social history. Nationalism is one of the main ideological trend of civilization and political strength, who directed the fusion of several plain near family, country, rupture, independence and conflict, and fighting. In today's world, to enter the all and globalization in the new period, ethnic performance persists, become infighting after effects of international relations and world politics most arouses attention of identity. In the process of the formation of the modern national country, France, Germany, the most representative. On the appearance of nationalism in the form of nationalism. In fifteenth Century, France established a monarchy country, but this kind of autocratic kingship under the rule of the country is not a nation. Along with the growth of capitalism, the feudal autocratic monarchy the emergence of a serious crisis, cause of the French Enlightenment, enlightenment thought the veto feudal autocratic monarchy and for "democracy" and "Republic" and love plain near family, love of the motherland thinking combined become the outstanding characteristic of public law nationalism. As a representative of the Enlightenment thinkers, Rousseau established law democracy nationalism theories. French Revolution through the process of subversion of the feudal monarchy dictatorship established modern national, and promote the modernization of Western Europe and the establishment of the socialist. Deutsche, as the mobilization of the two world wars, as a in the world today insignificant economic big country, the peculiar ethnic energy always in the history of play important role. Deutsche plain near family know early in the middle ages has with sprouting, at the end of the 18th century created by herder representatives of cultural nationalism, the completion of the German culture of the same, and political continued to break. After the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars, the civilized plain near nationalism transformed to political nationalism, in nearly half a century of exploration gradually mature, and under his guidance through the process of force completed the German. The German plain near nationalism is the color of feudalism and militarism, so that ethnic nation has intense foreign expansion characteristics. Law, Germany along with the establishment of the National People's country, constitute the national doctrine, into the ancient society, they have their own characteristics. The modern nationalism took place in the future, beginning to affect the process of world history. 目录: |
