| 汗青持续性不雅念是东方史学中的一个主要汗青不雅念。它源于基督教神学史不雅，法语论文，在发蒙时期根本肯定，厥后又阅历了成长与变更。其成长简直贯串全部东方史学史，对东方与非东方世界皆作用深远。本文在批评地汲取中东方学者研究结果的基本上，以发蒙时期为切入点，论述这一时代汗青持续性不雅念的详细内在、普通特点及主要位置。起首，法语论文范文，概述发蒙时期汗青持续性不雅念发生的汗青配景。在18世纪本钱主义经济、政治和思惟认识年夜变更的配景下，受漫溢于全部欧洲的感性主义思潮的作用，并批评地继续了基督教神学史不雅和人文主义史学思惟的基本之上，发蒙时期的汗青持续性不雅念终究构成。其次，以法国代表性史学家伏尔泰和孔多塞为例，梳理和评析两位史学家对汗青持续性不雅念的分歧阐述。伏尔泰以为汗青的持续成长表示为海浪式的提高，这类成长具有同一性，其基本动力是感性，同时巨人和有时性也推进着汗青进步。而孔多塞则以为汗青持续性表现为阶段式的提高，其基本动力是感性，他也看到恶的感化，并且描写了将来提高的目的。进而，从汗青持续成长的主体和汗青时光、汗青持续成长的趋向和汗青持续成长的动力和因果说明等方面，将伏尔泰与孔多塞二人停止比较，以提醒发蒙时期汗青持续性不雅念的普通性特点。最初，扼要评价发蒙时期的汗青持续性不雅念。 Abstract: The history of the concept of sustainability is a major historical concept in Oriental history. It originated from the history of Christian theology in the age of enlightenment, certainly not, and then experienced growth and change. It runs through all the growth history of Oriental Oriental, Oriental and non world is profound. The criticism to learn western research results basically, in the period of the enlightenment as a breakthrough point, discusses this era history continued and the main position of indecent read detailed internal and common characteristics. First of all, the age of enlightenment history continuity concept the historical background. In 18th century capitalist economic, political and ideological understanding Nianye change the background, overflowing in all European rationalism ideological trend influence, and criticism to the Christian Theological History and humanism historiography thought basis, the history of the age of enlightenment continued of indecent read eventually forming. Secondly, to France's iconic historian Voltaire and Condorcet, for example, review and analysis of two historians of history continued to read indecent sexual differences described. Voltaire thought that sustained growth history is expressed as the waves increase with the same of this kind of growth, its basic motivation is emotional, and sometimes also the giant also promote the progress of history. And Condorcet thought history continued performance of the stage, its fundamental motivation is perceptual, he also saw the evil influence and description, in the future to improve. And continuously growing from the history of sustainable growth of the subject and the historical time, history and historical trend of growing power and causal explanation, will stop comparing Voltaire and Condorcet, to remind the age of enlightenment history continued to read indecent of common characteristics. First, a brief evaluation period of history fameng persistent ideas. 目录: 摘要 4-5 Abstract 5 目录 6-7 引言 7-12 (一)问题缘起 7 (二)概念解析 7-8 (三)相关文献综述 8-12 一、 启蒙时代的社会与思想 12-17 （一） 资本主义大变革 12-13 （二） 理性时代的到来 13-15 （三） 史学思想的传承 15-17 二、 伏尔泰的历史连续性观念：以波浪式进步体现连续 17-25 （一） 历史连续发展的模式：波浪式的历史进步 17-19 （二） 历史连续发展的动力：理性、伟人、偶然性 19-22 （三） 历史连续发展的统一性：世界历史的整体观 22-25 三、 孔多塞的历史连续性观念：以阶段式进步体现连续 25-33 （一） 历史连续发展的模式：阶段式的历史进步与历史分期 25-29 （二） 历史连续发展的动力：理性、恶 29-31 （三） 历史时间：未来的指向性 31-33 四、 伏尔泰与孔多塞的比较：兼论启蒙时代历史连续性观念的一般特征 33-41 （一） 历史连续发展的主体和历史时间 34-36 （二） 历史连续发展的趋势 36-38 （三） 历史连续发展的动力和因果解释 38-41 结语 41-42 参考文献 42-46 后记 46 |
