| 北美自力战斗和法国年夜反动是世界近代汗青上的严重事宜。法国贵族拉法耶特侯爵（1757—1834）既为北美自力战斗立下军功，又是法国年夜反动早期的主要首脑，具有“两个世界的豪杰”的美称。北美自力战斗时，拉法耶特作为自愿者亲赴北美疆场，一马当先、出身入逝世，与北美的建国首脑华盛顿、杰弗逊、汉密尔顿等结下了深挚的战役友情。他的大胆真挚和卓著进献博得了美国国民和世界国民的夸奖。北美战后回国的拉法耶特又是年夜反动早期君主立宪派的首脑，法语论文，曾担负公民自卫军总司令要职。但是他在本身的故国既备受爱崇，亦遭人咒骂，终究加入年夜反动的风口浪尖。固然在复辟时代和七月反动时有所作为，但这些与以往比拟，已经是眇乎小哉。拉法耶特少小接收发蒙思惟教导，经自力战斗的浸礼，确立了平生拥戴自在和平易近主的决计。拉法耶特回国后作为君主立宪派的重要首脑，力主树立君主立宪制政体，折衷国王、议会及公民三者之间的抵触，主意实施平和让步政策；在思惟上以保护人类弗成褫夺的天然权力为己任。学术界有人以为，他在年夜反动中既拥戴天然权力，却又努力于折衷各个社会群体的抵触，这就是他备受争议的缘由。本文经由过程对拉法耶特思惟和理论的剖析，法语论文，以为他的天然权力拥戴者和折衷者的两种身份其实不抵触。由于在拉法耶特看来，以国度同一者的身份涌现恰是为保护人类弗成侵占的天然权力办事的。 Abstract: The North American War of independence and the French Revolution are serious issues in the modern history of the world. French aristocrat Marquis de Lafayette (1757 - 1834) both for the North American independent combat exploits set and the eve of the French Revolution early chief, with "two worlds, the hero of" the laudatory name. North American War of independence, Lafayette as volunteers went to North America on the battlefield, led the way, was born into death, heads of the founding of the people's Republic of China and North America Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton and forged a sincere friendship battle. His boldness, sincerity and excellence, has earned the praise of the American people and the world. Lafayette from America returned from the war and is the eve of the reactionary early constitutional monarchy faction leaders, has been charged citizen militia commander in chief positions. But in his own motherland as much love worship has been reviled, eventually joined the revolution in the teeth of the storm. Of course in the restoration period and the revolution of July to make a difference, but the previous match, is insignificant. Lafayette less receives little enlightenment thinking teaching, by independent combat baptism, established the life embraced free and plain near the main determination. Lafayette after returning home as a constitutional monarchy faction of important leaders, advocated to establish constitutional monarchy, conflict between compromise the king, Parliament and citizens and idea implementation and policy concessions; in thought to protect human beings cannot be deprived of the powers of natural responsibility. Academic circles think, he in the eve of the reactionary both embraced natural power, is hard to compromise of all social groups in conflict. This is his controversial reasons. In this paper, through the process of Lafayette thought and theory analysis, that his natural rights proponents and compromise of the two identity actually don't conflict. Because in Lafayette, it seems, to the identity of the country the same emergence is precisely to protect human Eph into occupation of the natural right of work. 目录: 论文摘要 6-7 ABSTRACT 7-8 前言 10-17 第一章 北美独立战争中的拉法耶特 17-29 第一节 拉法耶特赴美原因 17-20 第二节 北美独立战争中的拉法耶 20-24 第三节 北美独立战争对拉法耶特的作用 24-29 第二章 1789—1792年法国大革命中的拉法耶特 29-38 第一节 载誉而归的英雄 29-32 第二节 君主立宪派的主要领袖 32-35 第三节 由政治巅峰向谷底的滑落 35-38 第三章 对拉法耶特的评价 38-47 第一节 200多年来见仁见智的评论 38-42 第二节 拉法耶特之我见 42-47 结语 47-48 附录 译名对照表 48-52 参考文献 52-55 后记 55 |
