译者可谓“忠实”,但在native English speaker 的眼中却是full of hyperbole (充满了极度夸张) ,不知所云。赛龙舟是中国传统的节日活动,外国游客感兴趣的是其由来、内涵、习俗等具体的信息,而非这些主观、空洞的辞藻的堆砌。 又如某市的画册上有这样一段文字:市内外有名胜古迹300 多处,市中心有赵武灵王操演兵马和观赏歌舞的武灵丛台,市郊有国家重点文物保护单位———赵王城遗址,城北有明代所建“蓬莱仙境”般的黄粱梦吕仙祠,市西南有可与龙门、敦煌媲美始凿于北齐的响堂山石窟;又是典故之城黄粱美梦、毛遂自荐、负荆请罪、完璧归赵等众多成语典故,脍炙人口,给人启迪 译文:There are over 300 scenic spots and historicalsites inside and outside the city. In the civic center standsthe Wuling Congtai terrace , where the King Wqulingdrilled warriors and enjoyed singing and dancingperformances ; in the outskirts remains the ruined city ofthe State of Zhao , the monument specially protected bythe state ; in the north lies the fairy2land like GoldenMillet Dream Temple built in he Song Dynasty ; in thesouthwest lies the Xiang Tang Caves Temple built in theBei Qi period , which is thought to be as famous asLongman and Dunhuang. Being a town of allusions , suchas “Golden Millet Dream ( Pipe Dream) ”, Mao SuiRecommending Himself (Volunteering one’s services) ”, “Bearing the Rod for Punishment”, Returning the JadeIntact to Zhao”, etc. , which are widely loved and quotedby people. 关于普通的外国游客,这样一段充满了陌生的中国地名、人名、朝代名、典故和成语的文字,哪里还谈得上喜闻乐见! 所以这里还要重提前面所说的:译者要为读者着想,要了解英文的表达习惯,要使译文有可读性, 要为一般的外国游客所接受。笔者认为,翻译这类材料,译者应该对译文加以设计,对原文做大手术, 去掉主观描写,突出译文的指导性和实用性。关于那些令译文读者费解的内容或删除、或增加解释性翻译、或改写。 我们再看一看对原文做过“手术”的译文。在“成都武侯祠”折叠式导游图里,有这样一个句子:刘备章武三年病死于白帝城永安宫,五月运回成都,八月葬于惠陵。这句话在中国人看来简单,如果直译过去要外国人读懂也并非易事。“章武三年”外国人读不懂;“白帝城永安宫”外国人不知道在什么地方, 并且刘备永安宫托孤一事一两句话也说不清楚;“五月”, “八月”是农历,不是公历,农历外国人读不懂; “惠陵”就在武侯祠内。要是在其他读物里可以用译者注的办法来讲清楚这些中国历史知识,而武侯祠导游图,文字不足一千,类似这样的历史知识还很多,不可能加上比正文还长的译者注。因此,只能在不改变原作原意的准则下,改变说法,译成:Liu Beidied of illness in 223 at present2day Fengjie County , Sichuan Province , and was buried here in the same year. 这里有一篇介绍上海桂花节的文字:“满树金花、芳香四溢的金桂;花白如雪、香气扑鼻的银桂;红里透黄、花多味浓的紫砂桂;花色似银、季季有花的四季桂;竞相开放,争妍媲美。进入桂林公园,阵阵桂香扑鼻而来。”译者没有拘泥于原文,而是打破句子结构,根据内容,按照法语的行文习惯译成: ThePark of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion ofosmanthus trees. Flowers from these trees in differentcolors are in full bloom which pervade the whole gardenwith the fragrance of their blossoms. 如果译者一味追求“忠实”,且不说对应的英文词汇很难找到,即使勉强译出恐怕也很难令译文读者产生与原文读者同样的感受。 又如:路左有一巨石,石上原有苏东坡手书“云外流春”四个大字。“云外流春”4 个字怎么译? 如果只用音译,外国人根本不懂;如果只用意译,又会引起误解,以为苏东坡写的是英文。苏东坡,中国人无人不知,外国人却未必清楚。译文采用添加法译成: To its left is another rock formerly engraved with fourbig Chinese characters Yun Wai Liu Chun (Beyond cloudsflows spring) written by Su Dongpo (1037~1101) , themost versatile poet of the Northern Song Dynasty (960~1127) . 对“云外流春”采用音译加意译,较好地传达了原文的意思;为“苏东坡”加上生卒年代和他在北宋文学史上的地位,表达了原文要表达的意图:“云外流春”4 个字具有较高的文物价值。 外文出版发行事业局曾在1964 年制定过一个工作条例(试行草案) ,第六章是对于外文书刊的翻译工作。其中对翻译标准作了详细、具体的阐述: “(1) 译文必须忠实于原文。这是指忠实于原文的意思和风格,也就是把中文的内容用外文正确地表达出来” “各种不同内容的文章,各有各的体裁和专门术语” |