| The shipwreck is the disqualification of a ship，loosing its floatability。This disqualification changes his status，and thus the regime applicable to it regarding maritime law。But despite that disqualification，the fact of being formerly a ship makes that the more likely to govern shipwreck’s regime is the domestic law，and not really international law。The notion，and consequently the status of the shipwreck have known an evolution。The first part of the paper deals with that notion as it is treated by the different legislations。Apart from sunken ships，the notion of wreck includes also other objects fallen or found at sea，or on the shores。The legislation about maritime shipwrecks on French law is very rich，and is the result of a permanent evolving jurisprudence。Nowadays，the consideration of a shipwreck takes into account the value it may represent，法语毕业论文，financially，and also the archaeological，historic and cultural value；or the danger it can constitute while threatening navigation and the environment。All those characteristics are considered by the existing legislations。In international law the recent enactment of the Nairobi International Convention on Removal of Wrecks in 2007 shows the concern of the international community on issues of dangerous shipwrecks。 French law based the qualification of a shipwreck around two cumulative criteriathe non一floatability and the abandonment by the crew。The second part deals with the status of the shipwreck。All parties involved in a shipwreck have their parts of rights and obligations，from the finder of the shipwreck，法语毕业论文，to the injunction power of the State， without forgetting the salvor and third parties。The obligations of the finder can change according to the kind of shipwreck，the power of the State has been increased regarding dangerous and archaeological shipwrecks。The regime of wreck removal also varies according to the nature of the shipwreck，and depending on its location in different maritime zones。 Abstract: 沉船是船舶的资格，失去其可浮性。这改变了他的地位，因而制度适用于它关于海商法。但尽管不合格，被原船使得更容易管理的沉船的政权是国内法的事实，并不是真正的国际法。的概念，因此沉船的地位认识的演变。本文第一部分概念，它是由不同的法学处理。除了沉船、残骸概念还包括其他物体下降或在海上发现的，或在岸边。立法对法国法学对于海上沉船是非常丰富的，而且是一个永久发展的法理学的结果。目前，沉船的考虑考虑它的价值可能代表，财务，以及考古、历史和文化价值；或者可以构成威胁的危险时，导航和环境。所有这些特性是由现有的立法考虑。在国际法的内罗毕国际公约2007残骸清除最近颁布表明国际社会对危险沉船问题的关注。法国法学基础约两累积标准非一可由船员抛弃沉船的资格。第二部分对近况海难沉船。参与各方的权利和义务的部分，从海难者，国家的禁令的权力，不忘救助方和第三方。拾得人的义务可以根据沉船的那种变化，国家权力的增加了有关危险考古沉船打捞制度也根据不同的沉船事件的性质，并根据其位置在不同海洋区域。 目录: Abstract 5 INTRODUCTION 9-11 PART Ⅰ-NOTION OF MARITIME SHIPWRECKS 11-48 CHAPTER Ⅰ-LEGAL ENUMERATION 11-14 1-Shipwreck and floating structures 11-12 2-Abandoned aircrafts 12 3-Diverse structures 12-13 4-Cargoes fallen into the sea 13 5-Objects abandoned or lost in sea 13-14 CHAPTER Ⅱ-DEFINTION AND CATEGORIES OF MARITIME SHIPWRECKS 14-28 Section 1-Two criteria to make a shipwreck in French law 14-17 A-The state of the wreck 14-16 B-Abandonment of the shipwreck 16-17 Section 2-The criteria adopted in international law 17-18 Section 3-Comparison with other kinds of "wrecks" 18-19 Section 4-The occurrence of a maritime shipwreck 19-22 Section 5-Two particular categories of shipwrecks 22-28 CHAPTER Ⅲ-LEGISLATION ON MARITIME SHIPWRECKS 28-39 Section 1-In domestic law 28-30 A-Old legislation 28-29 B-The existing legislation 29-30 Section 2-In international law 30-39 A-The Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks,2007 32-35 B-The UNCLOS and UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage,2001 35-39 CHAPTER Ⅳ-THE REGIME ABOUT THE RECUPERATION OR THE REMOVAL OF MARITIME SHIPWRECKS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 39-48 Section 1-Salvage or removal in the territorial sea and internal waters 40-42 Section 2-Salvage or removal in the contiguous zone 42-43 Section 3-Salvage or removal in the exclusive economic zone(EEZ) 43-44 Section 4-Salvage or removal in high seas 44-48 PART Ⅱ-THE STATUS OF THE SHIPWRECK 48-98 CHAPTER Ⅰ-OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS OF THE FINDER 48-55 Section 1-Obligations of the finder of the wreck 48-50 A-To declare the shipwreck 48-49 B-To salvage the shipwreck 49 C-Exceptions to the obligation of salvage 49-50 D-An obligation of service? 50 Section 2-Rights of the finder of the wreck 50-52 Section 3-Payment of indemnity 52-55 A-The payment of the finder facing the limitation of liability 52-53 B-Lien or "privilege" 53 C-Time bar or limitation of time 53 D-The shipwreck in the finder's patrimony 53-55 CHAPTER Ⅱ-OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS OF THE OWNER 55-69 Section 1-The owner of the wreck 55-64 A-The protection of the property right(ownership) 55-56 B-The removal of the wreck 56-57 C-The wreck removal's financing and the "right of abandonment" 57-62 D-The liability of the owner 62-63 E-In the case of a dangerous shipwreck 63-64 F-The sale of the shipwreck 64 Section 2-The shipwreck's creditors 64-65 Section 3-The shipwreck's insurers 65-69 A-The special insurances 65 B-Hull insurance 65-67 C-The abandonment 67-69 CHAPTER Ⅲ-OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES 69-71 CHAPTER Ⅳ-OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS OF THE STATE 71-98 Section 1-The right to give notice or injunction 72-73 A-The allocation of competences 72-73 B-The modalities of the application of the right of injunction 73 Section 2-The intervention after the injunction 73-74 Section 3-The reimbursement of the intervention costs 74-75 Section 4-Dangerous shipwrecks 75-91 A-Wreck removal procedure 77 B-The scope of the Law of November 23,1982 77-80 C-Dangerous objects belonging to the State 80-81 D-The status of dangerous shipwrecks in international law 81-91 Section 5-Archaeological wrecks 91-96 A-General provisions 92-93 B-The distinction made by the decree of December 26,1961 93 C-The status of archaeological shipwrecks in international law 93-96 Section 6-Penalties 96-98 CONCLUSION 98-99 REFERENCES 99-102 PAPERS ISSUED DURING POSTGRADUATE STUDY 102-103 THANKS 103-104 探讨生履历 104 |
