| 约翰·福尔斯是20世纪60年月英国文坛锋芒毕露的一名新星,其代表作法国中尉的女人自1969年问世以来,遭到评论家的普遍赞誉,并被搬上了银幕。福尔斯曾在这部小说的媒介中声名,“现实上,我的小说的主题就是写在一个毫无自在的社会里,一名位置卑下的男子是如何取得自在的”。作者对主题的建构集中表现在女主人公萨拉对于个别自在的寻求和为寻求自在而作出的选择。我们晓得,自在是萨特存在主义哲学的根本概念。作为一位存在主义作家,福尔斯深受法国存在主义特别是萨特思惟的作用。而作为存在主义哲学焦点理念的自在亦成为其小说的标记性主题。虽然福尔斯的自在不雅深受存在主义特别是萨特思惟的作用,但他年青时的生涯情况、前期教导、和对阶层社会不公正的熟悉等使其思惟整合了更多的社会内容,构成了分歧于萨特的“绝对自在不雅”,并成为其创作的根本内核。福尔斯以为人类可以在必定规模内停止选择和行为,取得绝对自在,同时寻求自在是一个更改不息、赓续寻求的进程。几十年来,英美学者赓续地对这部著作停止新的解读,从最后的两重开头,元小说技能,女性主义到后来的自在主题,退化论主题,新汗青主义乃至异性恋解读,文本研究的角度赓续变换,新的不雅点层见叠出。东方学者对福尔斯小说的自在主题做过年夜量研究,然则对于这方面的专著依然很少。很多作家都是将主题与叙事的自在联合起来,林奇(Richard P. Lynch)将法国中尉的女人的自在分为存在自在、社会自在和论述自在；或许是把法国中尉的女人中的自在懂得为福尔斯对萨特存在思惟的简略继续,而疏忽了福尔斯自己对于“自在”这一主题的懂得。本文从福尔斯的自在不雅动手,联合萨特的存在主义,深刻商量了法国中尉的女人中女主人公萨拉对自在的焦炙和所处的窘境,和对自在这一永久主题的不懈寻求。引言扼要引见福尔斯的著作和法国中尉的女人写作的时期配景,阐述自在的内在及其在小说中的表现,和萨特存在主义思惟对福尔斯的作用和福尔斯的自在不雅,并对著作的国际外研究现状停止综述。第一章从社会身分,人物身分和品德身分三个方面,对女主人公对自在的焦炙和所处的窘境停止深刻剖析。第二章论述了萨拉对传统的反水和推翻。重要从言谈举止及小说中涌现的场景两方面,将萨拉与欧内斯蒂娜停止比较。第三章阐述萨拉为了自我身份的构建所作出的各种选择。为了寻求自在,萨拉经由过程各类手腕赓续地为本身构建身份,但是又赓续地消解。起首是假造了和法国中尉的假话,取得了绝对意义上的无限的自在；其次与查尔斯的相爱、分开、谢绝,使萨拉对自在的熟悉有了更进一步的熟悉；最初成为拉斐尔派画家的助手,萨拉终究胜利地为本身构建了一个“新女性”的抽象,取得了存在的价值和意义。虽然在这个自在求索之旅中萨拉一向处于自动位置,乃至为了自在不吝采用各类手腕,其对自在的熟悉也在赓续的进步,但是因为实际的羁绊和社会的约束她不能不蒙受孤单,毕竟没法解脱社会而自力存在,从这个意义上说,萨拉的自在只能是以赛亚·伯林所说的消极自在。她的自在充其量也只能是一种心灵上的自在,她永久也弗成能取得相对的、不依附于任何人的自在,是以,本文第四章侧重商量这点。结论部门重申本文宗旨。经由过程剖析萨拉寻觅自在的阅历,发明这类阅历现实上是一个轮回进步进程,其包含了福尔斯的哲学思惟：人生的价值存在于赓续的寻求自在和真谛中,同时萨拉对自在的不懈求索也告知人们,人生计在的意义在于赓续地完美自我和超出自我。 Abstract: John Fowles is a star in twentieth Century 60 years of British literature hard-edged, his masterpiece "the woman" since its inception in 1969, the French Lieutenant, was widely praised by critics, and on screen. Fowles had the reputation in this novel in the media, "in fact, my theme is to write in a completely free society, a man of humble position is how to get free". The author focuses on the construction of the theme of the female protagonist Sara on the individual freedom of the search and make a choice for the pursuit of freedom. We know that freedom is the fundamental concept of Sutter's existentialism philosophy. As an existential writer, Fowles is deeply influenced by the French existentialism, especially the Sutter thought. As the focus of existentialism philosophy, the concept of freedom has become the theme of the novel. Although Fowles's freedom is deeply influenced by existentialism, especially Sutter's thought, his life situation, the early education, and the knowledge of the social injustice of the society make it more social content, which constitute the "absolute freedom", and become the essential kernel of Sutter "s creation. Fowles thought that human beings can stop the choices and actions in a certain range, absolute freedom, and seek freedom is a change continuously, continuously seeking process. For decades, American scholars continued to stop a new interpretation of this work, from the beginning of the last two, metafictional skills, feminism to the later free theme, theme of the new history of degradation, as well as heterosexual interpretation, text research angle continuously transform, new ideas appear repeatedly. Oriental Scholars on the theme of Fowles's novel, the theme of the new year's Eve, but on this aspect of the book is still very little. (P. Lynch Richard) is the freedom of the French Lieutenant's woman to be free, free and comfortable; perhaps the freedom in the French Lieutenant's woman is a simple and easy to understand. This paper from Fowles's free indecent hands, combined with Sutter's existentialism, deeply discuss "the French Lieutenant's Woman" in the heroine Sara to ease the anxiety and the dilemma of freedom, seek and unremitting this permanent theme. The introduction briefly introduces Fowles's works and the "French Lieutenant's Woman" in the writing of the time background, expounds the inherent and its performance in the novel, and the influence of Sutter's existentialism and Fowles's free, and the review of the work of the international situation. The first chapter from the three aspects of social status, identity and identity of moral character, the heroine to ease the anxiety and the profound analysis of dilemma. The second chapter discusses the traditional defection and the overthrow of Sara. Two important and novel emerging from the speech and deportment scene, Sara and O Nesti Aa will stop comparing. The third chapter describes the various options for the construction of Sara's identity. In order to seek freedom, Sara through all means continuously to construct identity for itself, but also continuously to digestion. The first is faked and the French Lieutenant's lies, made the absolute sense of the infinite love and freedom; secondly, Charles separated, refused, so Sara has further familiar with free familiar; first became a painter Rafael's assistant, Sara eventually win for itself to build a "new woman" the abstract, obtained the value and significance of existence. Although Sara in this free quest has always been in the automatic position, and even to hesitate to use all kinds of comfortable comfortable wrist, the familiar also is in ceaseless progress, but because the actual fetters and social restrictions. She could not suffer alone, after all, can not get rid of society and self existence, in this sense, Sara freedom is only Isaiah Berlin said negative free. Her freedom at best is only a kind of mind at ease, she can never be a permanent, not dependent on any person's freedom, is the fourth chapter of this article focused on to discuss this point. Conclusion the purpose of this paper is to reiterate the purpose of. Through the analysis of Sara find comfortable experience, this experience is actually invented a cycle which contains progress, the philosophy of Fowles: the quest for freedom and true value of life exists continuously, at the same time, Sara's incessant quest for freedom to tell people, life in the significance lies in the constantly perfect self and beyond self. 目录: |
