| 十八世纪发蒙活动时代，法国出现了一年夜批学问广博、多才多艺、智勇兼备的思惟家们，法语论文网站，他们寻求真谛，批评社会之不屈。而在浩瀚的思惟家中，伏尔泰是最凸起的代表人物之一。他除用本身的思惟和笔锋作为兵器，与封建独裁和上帝教会作奋斗以外，法语论文题目，还现实介入了卡拉事宜。胡格诺教徒卡拉被诬告杀戮了他现实上他杀的年夜儿子安东尼，来由是安东尼想改信上帝教。卡拉被拘捕并处以车裂之刑。伏尔泰懂得工作本相后积极参与卡拉案件并胜利为卡拉一家平反。卡拉事宜教导了其时的法国人，袭击了封建独裁和宗教狂热。并且伏尔泰的“参与”为稍候的法国常识份子的公共“参与”开了先例，近代法国常识份子公共“参与”由此开端萌芽。继伏尔泰以后，法国陆续有一些作家、诗人、文学家、艺术家等投入到政治傍边。而到了19世纪末，法国产生了震动全国的德雷福斯事宜。在法国部队中犹太籍的德雷福斯被诬告为特务，并被放逐。左拉在听闻这件过后奋起为德雷福斯平反，并号令不忘本的社会人士追求公理。近代法国常识份子由此“出生”。法国常识份子在“出生”的同时也因国际的情势而分化为德雷福斯派（右翼）和反德雷福斯派（左翼）。两派常识份子为本身所寻求的价值为战役，最初右翼取得成功，德雷福斯取得平反，法国政治开端左转。德雷福斯事宜的平反不只胜利地作用了法国其时及今后的政治，同时也表现出了法国常识份子们壮大的力气和权势，让人们清晰地看到“参与”的主要性和需要性，对后世作用伟大，20世纪成了一个积极“参与”的世纪。近代法国常识份子从伏尔泰到左拉，他们的“参与”具有延续性，然则也各自有分歧的特色。同时近代法国常识份子的“参与”不是忽然涌现的，它和法国的文明传统有着密弗成分的接洽。近代法国常识份子的“参与”不只对其时的社会作用伟大，对后世也有着深入的作用，特殊是20世纪的法国社会。常识份子因其界说、任务感和存在使得“参与”成为一种需要，常识份子们借助“参与”充任“社会的良知”，保护社会次序的稳固，推进人类社会文明成长。 Abstract: The eighteenth century Enlightenment era, France has a large number of erudite and versatile, Zhiyong both thinkers, they seek the true meaning, social unyielding criticism. Voltaire is one of the most prominent figures in the vastness of the mind. He in addition to their thoughts and writing as a weapon, and feudal dictatorship and the Church of God fight outside, is involved in the Kara matters. Huguenot Carla was falsely accused of killing his reality killed the eve of the son, Anthony, reason is Anthony to convert to the Church of God. Cara was arrested and sentenced to a punishment of julie. Voltaire knows this is actively involved in the case of Cara and Cara as a vindication of victory. Cara matters to teach the time of the French, attacked the feudal dictatorship and religious zeal. And Voltaire's participation in the public participation in the public participation of the French public a precedent, modern French common sense members of public participation in the beginning of the beginning. After Voltaire, the French have some writers and poets, writers and artists into the political center. By the end of nineteenth Century, France had a shock to the country's Dreyfus matters. In the French army in Jewish Dreyfus was falsely accused of being a spy, and exile. Zola heard this rise after the Dreyfus vindication, and orders not forggestting the public pursuit of justice. Modern French intellectuals who were born". French intellectuals in the "birth" at the same time because of the international situation and the differentiation into the Dreyfus (right-wing) and anti Dreyfus (left). Factions intellectual to seek value for the campaign, initially right-wing success, Dreyfus to obtain redress, French political beginning left. Dreyfus matters vindicated victory, not only affected the French meantime and of politics in the near future, but also displays the French intellectuals have strong strength and power, let people clearly see "participation" and the need for, great influence on later generations, the 20th century into a active participation of the century. Modern French intellectuals from Voltaire to Zola, their participation has continuity, but also have their own different characteristics. Also modern French intellectuals of the "participation" is not suddenly emerge, it and the French tradition of civilization has a close contact. The participation of the intellectuals in modern France not only had a great influence on the society, but also had a profound influence on the later generations, especially the French society in twentieth Century. Common member due to its definition, task and the "participation" has become a kind of need, intellectuals are with "participation" acted as a "social conscience", protect social order stability, promote human civilization growth. 目录: |
