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【摘要】：在许多国家,中小企业正在给经济带来根本性的变化。同样,在沙特阿拉伯,中小企业是发展国家经济的重要行业之一。在许多技术发达及欠发达的国家,发展中小企业的最重要的趋势之一是持续增长的创新意识。在本探讨中,读者可以看到在沙特阿拉伯,中小企业行业创新成果的可行性是基于其对国家经济贡献的基础上进行略论的。
在沙特阿拉伯,我们可以从私人及公共机构中有四个领域来观察国家创新体系：公司、科研、教育、国有项目以及服务。在公司中,我们可以考察高新技术公司和传统产业。这同样也发生在高校、职业培训学校和探讨机构里。在国家机构和项目中,我们可以考察探讨、教育和经济、研发支持机构、项目和立法等。同样的,在“服务”领域,我们关注这三个方面：技术转让机构、金融机构和特殊服务。
财政资源,流通参股,客户档案,独特的技术诀窍,技术技能,企业管理,组织结构管理风格,公司文化和技术的限制也是与沙特阿拉伯中小企业行业创新相关的关键方面。
对沙特阿拉伯中小企业中缺乏创新意识的关注,是本文的探讨基础,同时本探讨力求达到以下目标：
在探讨基础上,向沙特阿拉伯政府部门及公众提供信息,以便对信息产业中小企业的发展机会进行评估。
在沙特阿拉伯中小企业中,略论创新与技术成功的关系。
选取一些重要的创新因素,并促使它们在现在及今后的发展中能被成功地应用。
得出结论,揭示创新和商业成功的关键性因素。
本文的探讨结构分为八个章节：第一章简介；第二章介绍探讨的基本理论措施；第三章基于创新的中小企业的竞争力略论：第四章创新意识的竞争力；第五章小公司能力提升战略；第六章沙特阿拉伯中小企业种创新的现状；第七章数据略论与讨论；最后一章为结论及对未来发展的思考。
对于我的第一个问卷调查,探讨主要集中在通过第一次调查发现的七个变量中：有效的探讨发展战略(ERDS),组织竞争力(OC),核心能力(CC),组织的知识管理(OKM),组织学习(0L),组织愿景(0V)和组织环境(OE)。发现沙特阿拉伯中小企业创新的关键成功因素(KSF)是这个探讨的主要任务。
本论文应用文献综述,并对沙特阿拉伯214名不同性别、年龄和职业背景的调查对象进行问卷调查,直接收集信息。其中分别有114名男性和110名女性。即52.2%的被调查对象是男性,48.8%为女性。问卷发放给中小企业的管理人员、工人和投资者。通过略论沙特阿拉伯IT行业的情形,探讨中小企业创新的关键成功因素(KSF)。
在进行多元回归略论后,探讨结果表明,当我们略论这些公司时,将这些公司分为两类,一种是独立的企业,二是子企业,可用下列术语描述：
回归略论数据的结果表明,在沙特阿拉伯的独立企业中,组织竞争力(0C),有效的探讨发展战略(ERDS),核心能力(CC),组织学习(0L),组织的知识管理(OKM),组织愿景(OV)和组织环境(OE)是中小企业创新的关键成功因素(KSF)中最重要的元素。但是另一方面,我们可以看到对于最终结果的两个变量：组织竞争力与组织知识管理和因变量一同具有重要的意义。
相反地,在附属企业,回归略论数据的结果表明,组织竞争力(0C)、组织学习(0L),有效的探讨发展战略(ERDS),核心能力(CC),组织愿景(OV)和组织环境(OE)并不是沙特阿拉伯子企业中小企业创新的关键成功因素中最重要的元素。但它表明组织的知识管理(OKM)是中小企业创新的关键成功因素中最重要的元素。我们还可以看到一个变量,组织的知识管理(OKM),和因变量有着显著的关系。
【关键词】：关键成功因素 创新 中小企业 沙特阿拉伯信息技术产业
ABSTRACT5-8 中文摘要8-10 Contents10-14 Contents of Figures14-16 Contents of Tables16-19 Abbreviations19-20 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION20-49 1.1 Research Objectives and Significance25-26 1.1.1 Research Objectives25-26 1.1.2 Significance of The Research26 1.2 Literature Review26-41 1.3 Research Contents & Methodologies41-49 1.3.1 Research Design41-43 1.3.2 Research Methodology43-47 1.3.3 Questionnaire Design47 1.3.4 Sample Design47-49 CHAPTER 2 BASIC THEORIES OF THE RESEARCH49-80 2.1 Innovation Theory49-55 2.1.1 Definition of Innovation49 2.1.2 Classification of Innovation49-55 2.2 Innovation and Market Structure55-59 2.2.1 Innovation Entry Between the Firms56-57 2.2.2 Relationship Between Labor and Industry Life Cycle57-59 2.3 Characteristics of SME's Innovative Activities59-71 2.3.1 Internal Relationship Characteristics60-62 2.3.2 Recourse Characteristics62-64 2.3.3 Process Characteristics64-67 2.3.4 External Characteristics67-69 2.3.5 Behavior Characteristics69-71 2.4 Knowledge Management Theory71-78 2.4.1 Concept of Knowledge Management Theory72-74 2.4.2 Dependence and Cumulative Knowledge Acquisition74 2.4.3 Interactive Learning Between Two Firms74-76 2.4.4 Key to Effective Inter Firm Knowledge Transfer and Learning76-77 2.4.5 Inter Firm Linkages With Universities77-78 2.5 Theories of Organizational Learning78-80 CHAPTER 3 COMPETITIVENESS IN SME's BASED ON INNOVATION MANAGEMENT80-99 3.1 Innovation Management System in SMEs80-83 3.1.1 The Concept of Competency81 3.1.2 Components of Innovational Competence81-82 3.1.3 A Predecessor of Competency Modeling82-83 3.2 Feature of Innovation in SMEs83-95 3.2.1 Factors for Measuring Success in Innovation85-88 3.2.2 Innovation Process88-89 3.2.3 Innovation Fostering89-95 3.3 Innovation Contributing to Competitiveness in SMEs95 3.4 Problems & Challenges of Innovation in SMEs95-99 3.4.1 Lack of Managerial Training and Experience95-96 3.4.2 Inadequate Education and Skills96 3.4.3 Lack of Credit96-97 3.4.4 National Policy and Regulatory Environment97 3.4.5 Technological Change97-98 3.4.6 Poor Infrastructures98 3.4.7 Scanty Markets Information98-99 CHAPTER 4 INNOVATIVE COMPETITIVENESS IN SMEs99-124 4.1 Determinants of Innovation in SMEs99-104 4.1.1 Structural and Management Characteristics100-101 4.1.2 Financing SME's Innovative Activities101-102 4.1.3 The Effect of Human Capital on SME's Innovative Activities102-104 4.2 Key Factors Impact on Innovation in SME's104-112 4.2.1 Leaderships104 4.2.2 Supply Chain and Logistics104-105 4.2.3 Effective Organizational Management105-106 4.2.4 Organizational Competitiveness106-108 4.2.5 Effective Research Development Strategy108-109 4.2.6 Core Competence109 4.2.7 Organizational Learning109-110 4.2.8 Organizational Knowledge Management110 4.2.9 Organizational Vision110-111 4.2.10 Organization Environment111 4.2.11 Network Promotion111-112 4.3 Principles of Selection the Keys Success Factors112 4.4 Measuring The Factors of Innovation in SME's112-124 4.4.1 Theoretical of Analytic Hierarchy Process113-115 4.4.2 Theoretical of Fuzzy Comprehensive Analysis115-118 4.4.3 Empirical Analysis of Analytic Hierarchy Process118-119 4.4.4 Empirical Analysis of Fuzzy Comprehensive Analysis119-123 4.4.5 Generally Conclusion of Measuring The Key Factors of Innovation in Saudi Atabia SMEs123-124 CHAPTER 5 STRATEGIES OF IMPROVEMENT IN SMEs124-132 5.1 Setup Learning Organization124-126 5.2 Reengineering Business Process126-128 5.2.1 The Impact of BPR on Organizational Performance126-127 5.2.2 How to Implement a BPR project127 5.2.3 Tools to Support BPR127-128 5.3 Set up Strategic Alliance128-132 5.3.1 Types of Alliances129 5.3.2 Conventional Approaches to Strategic Alliances129-130 5.3.3 Their Shortcomings130-132 CHAPTER 6 SMEs INNOVATION IN SAUDI ARABIA132-162 6.1 General Situation about SME's in Saudi Arabia132-143 6.1.1 A Measured Turnaround135-137 6.1.2 Finance137-139 6.1.3 Foreign Assets139-140 6.1.4 Manufacturing140-141 6.1.5 Wholesale and Retail Trade141-143 6.2 SMEs Innovation Situation in Saudi Arabia143-160 6.2.1 Saudi Arabia SME's R&D High-Tec Innovation Activity145-148 6.2.2 SMEs Financial Innovation Development In Saudi Arabia148-149 6.2.3 SMEs Human Resource Innovation Development In Saudi Arabia149-151 6.2.4 SMEs Output Innovation Development In Saudi Arabia151-152 6.2.5 SMEs Information Technology Innovation In Saudi Arabia152-155 6.2.6 SMEs Interactive Learning Innovation In Saudi Arabia155-157 6.2.7 Performance of SME Innovation in and Out Saudi Arabia157-160 6.3 Problems of SME's Innovation in Saudi Arabia160-162 6.3.1 Lack of Fund160 6.3.2 Lack of Skilled Human Resources160 6.3.3 Lack of Management Skill160-161 6.3.4 Lack of Marketing Skill161 6.3.5 Lack of Modern Technology161 6.3.6 Cost Problem and Raw Material Purchase161 6.3.7 Lack of Information161-162 CHAPTER 7 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION162-229 7.1 Respondents Background162-166 7.2 Theoretical Framework of K.S.F in SME's Innovation166-169 7.3 Describing The Responds Sample in Independent and Subsidiary firms169-216 7.3.1 Analysis the Response in Independent Firms169-184 7.3.2 Testing the Hypothesis of Independent Firms184-193 7.3.3 Correlations Between K.S.F in Independent Firms193-194 7.3.4 Analysis the Response in Subsidiary Firms194-206 7.3.5 Testing the Hypothesis of Subsidiary Firms206-215 7.3.6 Correlations Between K.S.F in Subsidiary Firms215-216 7.4 Comparative Study Between Independent and Subsidiary Firms of IT Industry in Saudi216-218 7.5 The Reliability and Validity Test in Independent and Subsidiary Firms of IT Industry in SaudiArabia218-229 7.5.1 The Reliability & Validity Test in Independent Firms of IT Industry in Saudi218-223 7.5.2 The Reliability & Validity Test in Subsidiary Firms of IT Industry in Saudi223-229 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH229-239 8.1 Conclusion and Finder229-233 8.2 Recommendations to The Government and SMEs233-234 8.3 Innovation Points234-237 8.4 Future Research237-239 REFERENCES239-257 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT257-258 ，阿拉伯语专业论文，阿拉伯语论文 |
