| 本研究在后人对古代汉语名词谓语句和国外对非动词谓语句所作研究的基本上，以古代汉语名词谓语句为重要研究对象，起首对汉语中的名词谓语句从新停止了分类和界定。本文以为汉语中的名词谓语句应包含三类句子：系文句(即传统所指的断定句)，空系文句及空动文句。在对名词谓语句的句法表示停止研究的基本上，对汉语中描述词、动词作谓语的情形停止综合考核，找出了汉语名词谓语句成立的限制性前提，即：系文句中系词“是”的强迫性涌现；空系文句和空动文句中以下前提至多要有一个获得知足：1．作谓语的名词前要无限定性成份；2．句中要无情态意义的存在；3．句中要有时光助词或语气助词的存在。对这些限制前提我们从共时、用时及说话类型学的角度停止了验证，以为名词谓语句中涌现的这些附加前提应当是具有广泛意义的。依据Chierchia所提出的述谓语法(the Grammar of Predication)和Bowers提出的述谓句法实际，天然说话中具有性质义的语类(包含VP，NP，AP，PP)都有充任谓语的能够，然则，法语论文，具有性质义的这些语类其实不能成为自然的谓语。它们假如要成为句子的谓语，必需起首经由过程一个谓词化的操作(predication operation)将性质π转化为命题函数e，p，能力成为及格的谓语并与主语联合构成一个正当的句子。在他们的实际框架内，我们对汉语的名词谓语句从语义和句法两个方面停止懂得释。我们以为名词谓语句成立所须要的限制性前提现实上谓词化操作所请求的。系文句中的系词“是”从实质下去说是一个谓词性算子(predication operator)，自己并没有任何现实意义，它所起的重要感化就是将名词具有的性质义转化为命题函数，来知足主谓关系的须要，其逻辑类为πe，p；名词前所请求的限制性成份相似于系词“是”，它所起的重要感化也是将名词具有的性质义转化为命题函数，分歧的地方在于它除起谓词性算子的感化外，自己还具有现实意义，它的语义类是e，pe，p，它与经由谓词化操作类晋升过的名词联合成为一个新的命题函数，并终究与主语一路构成一个正当的句子；在含有时光助词、语气助词和神态意义的句子中，没有显性的谓词性算子存在，然则，因为这三种功效性成份所束缚的对象都是命题，从句法下去说，它们所选择的补语应当是一个PrP，如许便激活了隐性的谓词性算子，迫使名词从性质转化为命题函数。由硕士学位论文古代汉语名词谓语句的句法语义剖析于这个中的算子是隐性的，所以，固然其自己带有[/ PRED」的强特点，但也不会引发显性的成份移位，只是名词所携带的强特点会被吸引到Pr的地位去停止特点核对，核对胜利构成一个及格的句子。从对名词谓语句所作的研究中，我们发明主谓关系是句子中最实质的一种关系，假如这类关系得不到完成便没法构成及格的句子，这就是为何动词、描述词固然是生成的谓词，但在作谓语时也常常不自在的缘由，只不外主谓关系成绩在名词作谓语时表现得更加凸起而已。其他的前提，好比有些学者所提出的时态请求必定要获得知足，只是一些从属的前提，这些前提即便获得知足也纷歧定包管主谓关系获得完成，生成及格的句子。在完成主谓关系的手腕上，各类说话间存在着参数的差别以英语为代表的一类说话，谓词性算子在句中必定要呈显性以汉语为代表的一类说话，在如今时的确定句中谓词性算子可呈隐性，也只要在此种情形下，法语论文题目，时光助词、语气助词和神态手腕能力将其激活，生成及格的句子，在其他情形下谓词性算子则必需呈显性状况；在查询拜访中我们还发明了白龙桥镇古方乡方言如许的在任何情形下，谓词性算子都呈隐性的说话。 Abstract: The research in the future of ancient Chinese noun predicate statements and of foreign non verb predicate sentences, which is the research, based on ancient Chinese noun predicate sentences as main object of study, the chapeau of Chinese noun predicate sentences, from a new stopping the classification and definition. This thesis thinks that Chinese noun predicate sentence should contain three types of sentences: Department of sentences (i.e. traditional determined sentences), empty sentences and air dynamic sentences. In the nominal predicate sentence said study, Chinese description word, verb as the predicate of a comprehensive assessment of, find out the Chinese noun predicate sentence established restrictive conditions, namely: sentences in copula "Shi" is forced to emerge; idle motion sentences and sentences in the following premises at least have a satisfied: 1. As the predicate noun before infinite qualitative composition; 2. Sentence to non modal meaning; sentence 3. To have time particle or particles. On the premise of these limitations, we have stopped the verification from the perspective of co - time, the use of time and the type of speech, and that the additional premises that are emerging in the nominal predicate statement should be of broad significance. According to the Chierchia proposed the so-called grammar the grammar of Predication) and Bowers proposes the predicate syntax, natural language with the semantic characteristics of the language class (including VP, NP, AP and PP) acted as the predicate can, however, have ideographic nature of these categories in fact can not be natural predicate. If the predicate to be a sentence, must first through a predicate predication operation will transform properties of PI for the propositional function "E, P, and ability to become qualified predicate and subject combined constitute a legitimate sentence. In their practical framework, we can stop the understanding of the two aspects of Chinese nominal predicate sentence from the semantic and syntactic aspects. We assume that the restrictive premises necessary for the establishment of a nominal predicate statement are actually requested by the. In the sentence, "Shi" in essence is a predicate operator (predication operator), he does not have any practical significance, it plays an important role is the nature of the meaning of nouns are transferred into propositional functions, need to satisfy the subject predicate relation, its logic is "Pi" E. P "; ingredients limit requested before a noun is similar to" Shi ", it plays an important role is the meaning of quality term has transformed into propositional functions, different is that it has the predicate operator role, he also has the practical significance, it is the semantic class of" E P "," E, P ", and through the predicate noun operation promotion combination has become a new proposition and the subject function, and eventually a road to form a proper sentence; in the presence of time and mood particles and air. The meaning of the sentence, without explicit predicate POS operator exists. However, because the efficacy component bound are propositions, down from the syntax, they choose to complement should is a PrP, such activation recessive predicate operators, forcing term from the nature of the transformation to a propositional function. By the dissertation for the master degree in ancient Chinese noun predicate sentences syntactic and semantic analysis in the operator is recessive, so, although its own with [/ PRED "strong characteristics, but also not triggered shift the composition of the dominant, but nouns carry strong will are attracted to the status of PR to stop feature check, check the victory constitute a pass sentence. From of noun predicate sentences, which is the research, we found the subject predicate sentence in the essence of a relationship, if this kind of relationship is not accomplished, he can't pass sentence structure, which is why verbs, describe word is, of course, the generated predicate, but in a predicate is often uncomfortable reason, only nevertheless subject predicate relationship results in nouns as predicate is more outstanding. The other, like some scholars proposed temporal request must be satisfied, just subordinated the premise, the premise even contentment also divergent set guarantee subject predicate relationship finished, generation pass sentence. Upon completion of the relations of the subject and predicate the wrist, all kinds of talk between exist parameter differences in English as representative of a class of speak, predicate POS operator in a sentence must is dominant in Chinese as a kind of representative to speak, in today when determine the sentence predicate POS operator is recessive, as long as in this case, time auxiliary, auxiliary words of mood and manner wrist ability will its activation, generation pass sentence, under other circumstances predicate POS operator must is dominant status; in the survey we invented speaking Bai Long Qiao Zhen ancient Xiang dialect such in any case, predicate POS operator is recessive. 目录: |
