| 作为古代汉语中罕见的一对趋势动词，“上去”、“下去”在功效和意义上有许多类似的地方。后人对“上去”、“下去”的研究根本上集中在对语义特色和分类上，句法上重要描写了这两个词涌现的句式，而没有停止说明。本文基于北年夜语料库小说类型中涌现的语料，所以否产生位移为尺度，经由过程空间和时光维度上的从新分类对年夜量的语料停止剖析，发明“上去”、“下去”作补语有时能交流运用，有时不宜交流运用，有时乃至基本不克不及交流运用。是以，本文从句法语义联合的层面，商量“上去”、“下去”作补语时涌现的句法语义限制前提，并从认知说话学的角度作出理据性剖析。本文经由过程“上去”、“下去”交换运用的三种情形对“上去”、“下去”的句法语义限制停止剖析。研究发明“上去”、“下去”的语义特点对他们可否交换起到症结感化。从有界无界的角度看，“上去”有起点，是有界的，而“下去”无起点，是无界的，这两词只能分离与绝对应的有界或无界成份搭配运用；在此进程中，客观化也起到必定感化，当不雅察预设了容身点时，法语论文范文，我们依据视角的分歧选用“上去”或“下去”；当语义上空间性弱，句子客不雅性削弱，客观性增强，此时“上去”、“下去”能灵巧换用，根本上不作用句意。由此反应出语义是说话最根本的成份，能在必定水平上决议句法散布，而且人们对说话的运用与其认知才能是分不开的。语义上有界无界的特色及不雅察的分歧视角，法语论文网站，令人们在分歧情形下选用“上去”、“下去”。 Abstract: As a rare pair of tendency verbs in ancient Chinese, "go up" and "go down" have many similar places in function and meaning. Later generations on the "up", "down" of the study is focused on the semantic features and classification, the syntax is an important description of the two words of the sentence, and not stop. The library types of novels appeared in the corpus of mixture based on North in Japanese, so no displacement scale, through process of space and time dimensions from the new classification of a large number of data analysis, invented the "up" and "down" as a complement can sometimes AC applications, sometimes not AC applications, sometimes even basic means than AC applications. This article is to discuss "up" and "down" as the syntactic and semantic meaning of the emergence of the complement, and to make a theoretical analysis from the perspective of cognitive speaking. In this paper, through the process of "up" and "down" exchange of the three cases of the "up", "down" the syntax and meaning of the sentence to stop parsing. Research and invention "up", "down" the semantic characteristics of their exchange can play a crucial role. From the perspective of bounded and unbounded, "up" is the starting point, is bounded, and "down" without starting point is unbounded, these two words can only be separated and should be absolutely of a bounded or unbounded component mix of applications; in this process, objective also will affect, when not Yacha preset shelter, we perspective according to the different selection "up" or "down"; when the semantic space is weak, sentence objectivity weakened, the objectivity of enhanced. At this time the "up" and "down" deftly switch, basically does not affect the meaning of the sentence. Thus, the semantic meaning is the most basic component, can be in a certain level of the resolution of the syntactic spread, and the application of speech and cognitive ability is not divided. Semantic is bounded and unbounded characteristics and observations of divergence angle, so that people in the differences in the case of choosing "up" and "down". 目录: 摘要 5-6 Abstract 6 Chapter 1 Introduction 11-13 1.1 Purpose and Research Questions 11 1.2 Organization 11-13 Chapter 2 Literature Review 13-20 2.1 Semantics of “xialai” and “xiaqu” 13-16 2.1.1 Semantic Classification of Directional Verbs 13-14 2.1.2 Semantics of “xialai” and “xiaqu” 14-15 2.1.3 Grammaticalisation of “xialai” and “xiaqu” 15-16 2.2 Syntax of “xialai” and “xiaqu” 16-18 2.2.1 Position of Directional Verbs and Object 16-17 2.2.2 Syntax of “xialai” and “xiaqu” 17-18 2.3 Summary 18-20 Chapter 3 Theoretical Foundation 20-24 3.1 Subjectification 20-22 3.2 Boundedness and Unboundedness 22-23 3.3 Summary 23-24 Chapter 4 Semantic Reclassification of “xialai” and “xiaqu” 24-31 4.1 Semantic Features of “xialai” and “xiaqu” 24-25 4.2 Reclassification of “xialai” and “xiaqu” 25-29 4.2.1 Displacement as Criteria of Reclassification 25-26 4.2.2 Spatial Meaning 26-28 4.2.3 Temporal Meaning 28-29 4.3 Corpus Statistics of Reclassification 29-30 4.4 Summary 30-31 Chapter 5 Semantic and Syntactic Constraints for the Use of “xialai” and “xiaqu” 31-55 5.1 Semantic and Syntactic Restrictions of Unacceptable “xialai” and “xiaqu” Alternation 31-38 5.1.1 End Point Emphasis and the Use of “xialai” 31-35 5.1.2 End Point Invisibility and the Use of “xiaqu” 35-38 5.2 Semantic and Syntactic Features of Inappropriate “xialai” and “xiaqu” Alternation. 38-47 5.2.1 Preference for “xialai” 38-43 5.2.2 Preference for “xiaqu” 43-47 5.3 Semantic and Syntactic Conditions of “xialai” and “xiaqu” Alternation 47-53 5.3.1 Weakening of Spatiality 48-49 5.3.2 Syntactic Conditions of Weakening of Spatiality 49-53 5.4 Summary 53-55 Conclusion 55-58 References 58-61 Appendix A 详细中文摘要 61-65 Acknowledgements 65 |
