| 法国年夜反动是18世纪资产阶层反动中一件极其主要的汗青事宜,它对法国和全部欧洲社会的作用都是伟大的。在学术界,对法国年夜反动迸发的配景、进程和作用的研究曾经相当做熟,但使人遗憾的是,今朝在我国的高中教授教养中这一严重汗青事宜的主要性还没有获得充足的表现。本文以为,作为统一汗青时代高中教材中所触及的资产阶层反动的最初一场反动,在法国年夜反动的教授教养中对其自己社会配景停止扼要剖析非常需要。纵向上看,在高中教材广泛参加世界中古时代的内容——从古罗马的消亡到欧洲封建轨制的构成,紧接着就是英法等一些平易近族国度的初步构建和英国资产阶层反动和法国年夜反动。这些常识过于腾跃,须要教员在讲授的时刻体系的加以串连和贯穿。横向上对这一时代的英、美、法三国的反动特色做出体系的总结和比较也是为先生建构较为完全的世界史系统的条件之一。现阶段的高中汗青教授教养中,年夜多半的汗青教员都是将现有的一些汗青不雅念枚举出来灌注贯注给先生,而缺乏一种对法国其时汗青社会的剖析,先生们很难精确懂得法国年夜反动迸发的缘由,年夜反动出现出来的阶段性,和各个阶段中各自具有的汗青特色。从这个角度讲,完整有需要从多角度更加深刻地向同窗们引见法国年夜反动的微观汗青配景。本文试图从品级轨制、巴黎与外省的关系、法国国王的独裁轨制、宗教和法兰西国民的品德等五方面停止扼要的阐述,并作出响应的教授教养再设计。从而将与法国年夜反动有关学术熟悉有用的反响到高中汗青教室上,使先生可以对汗青常识和实际有一个绝对微观且公道的认知,促使先生存眷汗青现实产生的深层社会缘由和对世界的微观作用,陪养先生自立进修和自立研究的才能。 Abstract: The French Revolution is the 18th century bourgeois revolution a extremely important historical issues and its influence on the French and European society is great. In the academic circles, research on the French Revolution burst out of the background, process and influence has been quite cooked, but make a person regretful is, currently in our country high school teaching this significant historical matters still do not get adequate performance. In the author's opinion, as the era of unity of history textbooks of senior high school in the touch of the bourgeois revolution initial a revolution, in the teaching of the French Revolution on its own social background of the stop brief analysis is needed. Vertically, in high school textbooks widely participate in world in the middle ages, the demise of the ancient Rome to the European feudal system, followed by is Britain and France and some ethnic country preliminary construction and the British bourgeois revolution and the French Revolution. These common sense is to jump, teachers in the teaching system of time series and through. Lateral to the era of Britain, the United States and France three reactionary characteristics make a system summary and comparison is for Mr. construction one of the conditions of relatively complete system of world history. Now stage of high school history teaching, most of the eve of the history teacher are will some of the existing historical indecent read enumeration engraft to Mr. out, and the lack a of French meantime social and historical analysis and gentlemen is difficult to accurately understand the French Revolution burst of margin, emerging out of the eve of the reactionary stages, and each stage with their respective historical characteristics. From this angle, there is a need from multi angle more deeply to classmates introduced in the French Revolution of micro history background. This article attempts from the caste system, Paris and provinces, king of France's dictatorship and rail system, religion and the French national character, stop are briefly described, and make the response of teaching design. Which will with the French reactionary academic related familiar with useful response to high school history classroom, Mr. can of historical knowledge and the actual a absolute micro and reasonable cognition, prompted Mr. deposit dependents history reality the deep social reason and to the world of microcosmic influence, accompany keeping Mr. independent learning and independent study ability. 目录: 论文摘要 6-7 ABSTRACT 7-8 绪论 11-13 一、法兰西等级制度中的分裂 13-15 1、各阶级的分离——法国大革命中各派林立且不断争斗的根源 13-14 2、贵族特权的僵化 14-15 3、捐税问题上的不平等 15 二、巴黎与外省之间权力的不平衡 15-19 1、15世纪前——巴黎地位的逐步凸显 16-17 2、1450-1789年——巴黎逐步吞噬外省 17-18 3、在革命期间相关表现 18-19 三、国王的过度专制与人民渴求自由之间的矛盾 19-22 1、逐步强化的专制制度 19-20 2、以资产阶级为代表的人民对专制政府的不满逐步加剧 20-21 3、不可避免的革命 21-22 四、宗教与反宗教 22-24 1、非宗教倾向对大革命的作用 22-24 2、宗教地位的迅速恢复 24 五、法兰西人民的品质 24-27 1、农民的觉醒 25 2、理性思想的盛行 25-27 六、相关教学再设计 27-32 1、等级制度的合理讲解 27-28 2、城市革命在社会变革中的地位 28-29 3、有关革命对象的相关教学设计 29-30 4、教学中应突显人民的地位 30-32 结语 32-35 附录:法国大革命教案 35-46 参考文献 46-49 后记 49 |
