| 本文以六位汉语程度到达中级或高等的法国留先生为研究对象,对其汉语单字调的习得从声学试验与听辨试验这两个角度停止了研究。并在此基本上,剖析了他们的偏误类型,提出响应的教授教养准绳与对策。除结语外,全文共五部门。第一部门“绪论”。扼要说明本文的选题启事,总结现阶段对外汉语音调教授教养与研究中存在的成绩。第二部门“声学试验剖析”。在归纳综合引见试验发音人、试验字表、试验办法及试验步调的基本上,运用Praat专业语音软件,采取朱晓农师长教师的LZ归一法与跨音调均值法,对中高等法国留先生汉语单字调的基频与时出息行了丈量与剖析。成果显示：①阴平的偏误起码,去声较少,上声较多,阳平最多。②阳平与上声轻易混杂,重要表示为阳平混入上声。③去声时长太短,降幅不敷。④四音调域广泛偏窄。第三部门“听辨试验剖析”。听辨试验的长处是既可以考核语音输入,也能够考核语音输出。本章听辨试验从输出与输入两个方面,考核了法国留先生汉语音调的听辨才能与发音才能。成果显示输出与输入之间有极高的分歧性,详细表示为：①阴平与去声的偏误率最低,上声的偏误率较低,阳平的偏误率最高。②上声的偏误类型均为阳平,而阳平最重要的偏误类型为上声。③语音输入才能在必定水平上遭到输出才能的制约,但输入才能又有绝对自力性。第四部门“专项试验：声母对音调习得的作用”。在教授教养中笔者发明法国留先生在发舌尖音、舌面音等声母的音节时,会作用音调的习得。本章重要商量声母对音调习得的作用。在比较五组单字听辨试验统计成果的基本上,发明音调习得在必定水平上遭到了声母的作用。集中表示为：①zh组声母对音调习得的作用最年夜,去声的输出与输入、阳平输入和上声输入的偏误率均较高。②j组声母对音调习得的作用其次,上声的输出与输入和阳平输入的偏误率均较高。第五部门“教授教养准绳与教授教养对策”。在前三章试验研究的基本上,联合近几年的教室教授教养经历,提作声调教授教养必需贯彻对外汉语教授教养一直的教授教养准绳,及四条针对性较强的对策：①凸起汉语的音调特点。②依据先生的汉语程度停止分层教授教养。③借助Praat语音软件。④举汉语音调偏误的实例。 Abstract: This paper in six Chinese degree arrived at intermediate or high French leave Mr. as the research object, the acquisition of Chinese tones from the angle of both acoustic and listening tests are studied. And in this basic, the analysis of their errors type, and the response of the teaching principles and countermeasures. In addition to the conclusion, the full text of a total of five departments. First Department "introduction". This paper briefly explains the reasons for choosing the topic, and summarizes the achievements of the present stage of the teaching and research of the foreign language. Analysis of the second sector "acoustic test". In inductive comprehensive introductions pronunciation test, test of homophones, test methods and test steps basically, using Praat professional voice software, take on Mr. LZ normalization method and cross tone means, of higher France Mr. monosyllabic tone of the fundamental frequency and the information the measurement and analysis. The results showed that: Yin bias at least Qusheng tone, less, more, second most. The second and third tone easily mixed, expressed as an important tone mixed tone. The Qusheng length is too short, the decline is not enough. The four tone domain wide narrow. Analysis of the third sector "listening test". The listening test points is either assessment of voice input, voice output can also check. Two aspects of this chapter from the listening test output and input, the assessment of France Mr. tones and pronunciation to listening to. Results show differences between output and input is high, with expressed as: 1. Yin Ping with the Qusheng error rate lowest tone of the error rate is low, Hinata's error rate is the highest. The third type of errors are Hinata, and the most important type of errors of the third tone. Voice input can be in a certain level of output can be restricted, but the input can be absolute independence. The fourth sector "special test: the effect of initial tone acquisition". In teaching the author invented French students studying in the tongue a shrill, palatal consonants and consonant syllables, will affect the tone of the acquisition. This chapter discuss the important influence on the acquisition of consonant tones. Based on the comparison group word perception test the statistical results of the invention tone acquisition in a certain level by the initial impact. Focus on: (1) ZH Group initials of tone acquisition in the greatest impact, Qusheng of output and input, Yangping input and third tone input error rate were higher. The effect of J on the second group initial tone acquisition, one of the input and output of the input error rate and tone were higher. The fifth part "the teaching principle and the teaching strategy". In the first three chapters of the experimental study, combined with the teaching experience in the past few years, the tone of the teaching of Chinese language teaching must be carried out in the teaching of foreign language teaching has been a strong strategy: the tone characteristics of the Chinese language. According to the level of the Chinese language, the level of the Chinese language education. With Praat voice software. For example the Chinese tone errors. 目录: |
