“制定”为formulated不十分准确。目前国内法学文件中，凡提及“制定法学”一般用此词，各文件相互参照，似乎formulate已成为惯用法。根据牛津现代高级英文辞典定义，formulate意为express clearly and exactly，即明确表达，比如formulate one’s thoughts / a doctrine（明确表达思想或宗旨）。法学法语中表示“制定法学”，运用动词enact。按上述辞典定义，enact意为make (a law)；decree, ordain（制定（法学），颁令，规定）。比如，“制定法学”应为enact a law，“制定条文”是enact clauses；其名词enactment，也有“制定，规定，颁布，通过，法令，法规”等意。比如，enactment of law（制定法学，法的制定）。为顾及习惯用法并按照英文法学文件的语言特点，采用同义词连用，此句可改为 This Law is formulated and enacted in order to develop the foreign trade, maintain the foreign trade order and promote a healthy development of the socialist market economy. ．对于terms和clause的区别；in reasonable ways和in a reasonable manner的区别 例 采用格式条款订立合同的，提供格式条款的一应当遵 循公平准则确定当事人之间的权利和义务，并采取合理的 式请对注意免除或者限制其责任的条款，按照对的要求， 对该条款予以说明。 原 Where standard terms are adopted in concluding a contract, the party which supplies the standard terms shall define the rights and obligations between the parties abiding by the principle of fairness, request the other party to note the exclusion or restriction of its liabilities in reasonable ways, and explain the standard terms according to the requirement of the other party. 评：此段文有多处用词不当的地。 原文的“格式条款”，不能直接按字面出。中文的“条款”一词有两种含义，一是表示“条件、条款”，意为“规定”，二是表示合同法学文件中某一具体条款，例如第几条款，这里的“格式条款”应该属于后一种，因为合同有“格式条款”与“非格式条款”两种，而不是“规定”。因此，“格式条款”不能成 “standard terms”。 Terms (pl) 意为conditions, provisions，比如“根据合同条件条款”我们应成：in accordance with the terms, conditions and provisions of the contract。 本条文里的“格式条款”应成 “standard clauses”。clause意为(legal) complete paragraph in an agreement, or legal document（法学），即“合同协议，法学文件的条款。”所以“合同第条款”应成Clause of the contract。 原文中的“合理的式”成 “in reasonable ways”不妥。way一般表示“ method”法，有时也表示 “condition, state, degree，（情形，状态及程度），比如“大规模地”可成in a big way。“合理的式”应成 “in a reasonable manner”。 manner 表示“式”（可数，通常作单数），比如“以这种式”可成“in this manner”。 此句可改为 Where standard clauses are adopted in concluding and entering into a contract, the party supplying the standard clauses shall, under the principle of fairness, define the rights and obligations between the parties thereto, ask the other party, in a reasonable manner, to note the clause on the exclusion or restriction of its liabilities, and explain the standard clauses in accordance with the requirement of the other party. ．对于revoke和rescind的区别 例 合同无效或者被撤销后，因该合同取得的财产，应当予 以返还。 原 The property acquired as a result of a contract shall be returned after the contract is confirmed to be null and void or has been revoked. 原文的“被撤销”为 has been revoked，欠准确，应为rescind。按牛津现代高级双解辞典定义，revoke意为repeal, cancel, withdraw (a decree, consent, permission, etc)，即“废止，撤销，取消；宣告（命令，同意，允许等）无效”，法语论文题目，例如“取消决定”可成revoke a decision，“撤销委托”可成revoke commission，“吊销执照”可成revoke a licence。 |
